Personal Statement on Economics - 1655 Words

Personal Statement Prompt #1: Economics I have learned a great deal from my father, he is a man who sacrificed much, worked hard, and rose to become a high ranking officer in a major Indonesian company and a member of the faculty at the University of Indonesia. His education and dedication enabled him to become successful enough to send his son to America to receive his education. My fathers work at the university has been a major inspiration to me and if admitted to the University of California, I intend to study economics. I am the first of my family to be educated in America. When I was five, my father receive his PhD and obtained an excellent job with PT.PLN Persero; an Indonesian government owned distributor of electricity. He is now a member of the faculty at the University of Indonesia where he lectures on economics. It was when I attended one of his lectures that I began my interest in economics as a possible choice of careers. His success has always provided me with an example of what a person can do if they work hard and persevere, and I have always tried to follow his example by working hard and doing the very best I could. My interest in economics was expanded when I worked as a paid intern for an Indonesian online media company called Detikcom (detik.com). This company is currently the largest online media company in Indonesia, and my job was to write and translate articles for the business and finance news. My articles can still be found at detik.com.Show MoreRelatedPersonal Statement For Economics755 Words   |  4 Pagesmarkets has always intrigued me, ever since I was a young undergraduate. What fascinated me most about economics was the effort to mathematically model this dynamic driven in part by human behavior and social tendencies. 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Abrupt Onset Neurologic Deficit Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(250) " The hazard of intellectual hemorrhage is besides addition in acute shot \[ 12 \] Antiplatelet drugs Aspirin Aspirin is an antiplatelet drug which exerts its consequence through irreversible suppression of thrombocyte Cox \( COX \) \[ 2 \] \[ 3 \] \." Stroke is described as encephalon hurt due to abnormalcy of blood supply to the encephalon [ 1 ] . In clinical presentation, shot is portrayed as an abrupt-onset neurologic shortage that last at least 24 hours and is of presumed vascular beginning [ 2 ] . Brain cells unlike other cells ; make non hold the capableness to execute anaerobiotic respiration to bring forth energy. We will write a custom essay sample on Abrupt Onset Neurologic Deficit Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore changeless O and glucose must run into its demand for appropriate maps. Perturbations of blood flow leads to inadequacy of these constituents ensuing in lasting neurological harm, disablement or decease. Stroke is besides the 3rd commonest decease in the UK, with lone bosom disease and malignant neoplastic disease accounting for more mortality [ 3 ] . Harmonizing to the British Heart Foundation ( Figure 1 ) , stoke histories for 9 % of all decease in the UK which is tantamount to 53000 deceases each twelvemonth [ 4 ] . Furthermore it besides causes premature mortality, obligated for over 9500 decease every twelvemonth in people under the age of 75, approximately one to twenty of all decease in this age group [ 4 ] . Types of Stroke Stroke occurs when the intellectual arteria that brings blood to the encephalon either becomes occluded or leaked. Therefore there are two sorts of shot ( Figure 2 ) . When blood vass are blocked, ischemia consequences while leaky vass causes bleeding ( Chart 1 ) . Ischemic shot is more common than hemorrhagic shot and it accounts for 87 % of all shot instances [ 5 ] . The hazard factors of shot includes age, familial, high blood force per unit area, smoke, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, happening of bosom onslaught or transient ischaemic onslaughts, fleshiness and other bosom diseases [ 6 ] as explained in deepness in table 1. Pathophysiology Ischemic Stroke The mechanism of ischaemia can be divided into 3 chief classs ; thrombosis, intercalation, and systemic hypoperfusion [ 1 ] . Thrombosis is the pathological formation of haemostatic stopper within the vasculature in the absence of shed blooding [ 3 ] . In simpler footings it refers to the coagulum in an arteria. Carotid coronary artery disease occurs at the site where the common carotid arteria bifurcates into the external and internal carotid arterias [ 7 ] ( Figure 3 ) . The coagulums will finally contract the arteria subdivisions and blood flow is badly reduced. However if the coagulum manages to interrupt free and dislodge in other variety meats such as the encephalon, bosom or kidneys ; intercalation is said to hold occurred. The embolus may come from assorted countries for illustration coagulums from bosom walls due to atrial fibrillation may so go up to the bifurcate country of the common carotid arteria therefore ensuing in an impeding blood flow to the encephalon. Finally, s ystemic hypoperfusion is due to a generalised loss of arterial force per unit area [ 8 ] . This is associated with terrible hypotension, monolithic myocardial infarction [ 8 ] , shed blooding and loss of fluid in organic structure tissues [ 1 ] . Haemorrhagic Stroke Haemorrhagic stroke can be divided in to several different subtypes, the most common being intracerebral and subarachnoid bleeding [ 9 ] . Intracerebral bleeding refers to haemorrhage in the encephalon peculiarly inside the pia affair while subarachnoid bleeding refers to bleedings outside the arachnoid but inside the dura affair [ 1 ] ( Figure 4 ) . Clinical findings Ischemic shot Signs /Symptoms Symptoms may happen depending on the type of arterias that are block and the location of the occlusion. If the internal carotid arteria is blocked, patients may see sightlessness on one oculus, hemiparesis ( inability to travel one half of the organic structure ) , prosopagnisoa ( inability to acknowledge faces ) , aphasia ( inability to speek ) and dysarthria ( ocular field effects ) [ 2 ] [ 7 ] [ 9 ] . However if the vertebral arteria is occluded ; giddiness, dizziness, dual vision and failing or centripetal perturbations in some or all or the limbs will attest. Other jobs such as depression, kiping trouble, deep vena thrombosis as a consequence from inability to travel legs for a long period of clip ensuing in pneumonic intercalation may besides originate in shot patients [ 1 ] . Diagnosis Ischemic patient will frequently hold a history of high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, or valvular bosom disease [ 10 ] . Sudden oncoming of characteristic neurological shortage besides accounts for the diagnosing. Doctors besides test the patient A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s address, memory, ocular and facial motions [ 1 ] . Besides, a encephalon imaging trial such as CT ( Computed imaging ) and MRI ( Magnetic Resonance Imaging ) scan of the caput is indispensable in excepting intellectual bleeding with intellectual infarct and tumor [ 10 ] . Electrocardiography ( ECG ) and a complete blood trial is besides done [ 1 ] . Haemorrhagic Stroke Signs /Symptoms In subarachnoid bleeding, symptoms such as sudden concern followed by a loss or damage of consciousness that may sometimes intensify to coma or decease may happen [ 10 ] . Almost similar symptoms were noted for intracerebral bleeding whereby consciousness is ab initio lost followed by frequent purging [ 10 ] . Diagnosis CT ( Computed imaging ) scanning is of import to corroborate that bleeding has occurred. [ 10 ] . Besides, a complete blood sugar, blood count, thrombocyte count, shed blooding clip, factor II and partial thrombokinase times and liver and kidney map trial [ 10 ] are besides carried out. Treatments The coveted intervention of shot is to cut down neural impairment, bar of secondary complications and to avoid shot return [ 2 ] . Treatment therapy can be farther divided into pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapy. The list of drugs, their action and their side effects could be found in table 2. Pharmacologic therapy Ischaemic shot Thrombolytic drugs Alteplase ( rt, tissue-type plasminogen activator ) Alteplase is a thrombolytic drug which consist of a individual concatenation recombinant tPA. It has high selectivity for fibrin-bound plasminogen that on plasma plasminogen and being labelled amp ; acirc ; ˆ?clot-selective A ; acirc ; ˆA? [ 3 ] . It has the advantage of lysing merely fibrin [ 11 ] and less consequence on circulating, unbound plasminogen [ 14 ] . Patients under alteplast should be monitored for their intracranial bleeding and blood force per unit area. Besides, alteplast is besides contraindicated in patients with paroxysm attach toing shot, and a history of patients with diabetes [ 12 ] . The side effects of utilizing alteplast are chiefly nausea, purging and shed blooding. The hazard of intellectual hemorrhage is besides addition in acute shot [ 12 ] Antiplatelet drugs Aspirin Aspirin is an antiplatelet drug which exerts its consequence through irreversible suppression of thrombocyte Cox ( COX ) [ 2 ] [ 3 ] . Consequently, the transition of arachidonic acid to thromboxane A ( TXA ) , which is a powerful vasoconstrictive and stimulator of thrombocyte collection is later been prevented. As binding is irreversible, thrombocyte can non synthesis new protein due to the deficiency of nuclei therefore its map is altered for its full life span. Additionally, acetylsalicylic acid besides inhibits prostacyclin ( PGI ) synthesis in endothelium ; nevertheless depletion of prostacyclin is non prolonged as endothelium is able to synthesis new prostacyclins [ 2 ] . Hence acetylsalicylic acid is said to change the balance between TXA and PGI in such as manner that platelet anti-aggregating consequence is maintained. Aspirin is contraindicated in patients with hypersensivity to aspirin and other NSAID, active peptic ulceration, hemophilia and other hemorrhage upsets. Furth ermore cautiousness should be applied when utilizing with asthma patients. Its side effects include bronchospam and GI annoyance [ 12 ] . Clopidogrel Clopidogrel exhibits its consequence by moving as an inhibitor of the adenosine diphosphate ( ADP ) tract of thrombocyte collection [ 2 ] and therefore suppress the activation of GP llb/lla receptors on thrombocyte which requires them to adhere to fibrinogen and each other [ 11 ] . Caution should be noted when utilizing clopidogrel with patients who are at hazard of shed blooding from injury or surgery. Furthermore it is contraindicated in patients with active hemorrhage. Clopidogrel is besides associated with side effects such as indigestion, diarrhea, abdominal hurting and hemorrhage upsets ( including gastrointestinal and intracranial ) [ 12 ] . Clopidogrel is frequently use concomitantly with acetylsalicylic acid in cut downing shot [ 2 ] and used as a monotherapy when acetylsalicylic acid is non tolerated despite add-on of a proton pump inhibitor [ 12 ] . Dipyridamole Dipyridamole exert its consequence by increasing intracellular degrees of camp by suppressing cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase accordingly cut downing thromboxane Asynthesis which is potent in thrombocyte collection [ 11 ] . In add-on, dipyridamole is known to hold possible vasodilating belongingss through its suppression of adenosine consumption in vascular smooth musculuss [ 13 ] Dipyridamole is frequently combined with acetylsalicylic acid in a sustain release preparation for secondary bars of ischemic shot [ 13 ] and is uneffective when used entirely [ 12 ] . Besides, it should be used with cautiousness in patients with aortal stricture, declining angina and drugs that may increase hazard of shed blooding. Its side effects are GI effects, giddiness, and throbbing concern [ 12 ] . Ticlopidine Ticlopidine is a thienopyridine antiplatelet which has similar construction and mechanism of action to clopidogrel [ 2 ] . However it is associated with haematological perturbations such as neuropenia as it suppresses bone marrow. It besides causes roseola, diarrhea and elevated serum cholesterin degree [ 2 ] therefore it is debatable when administrating them to patients. Nevertheless it is given to patients who fail to react to aspirin, acetylsalicylic acids combined with dipyridamole and clopidogrel [ 13 ] . Anticoagulants Warfarin Warfarin is unwritten decoagulants which inhibit the decrease of vitamin K therefore interfering with post-translational -carboxylation of glutamic acid residues in coagulating factors [ 3 ] . Warfarin is use as bar of shot in patients with atrial fibrillation. Targeting an international standardization ration ( INR ) of 2.5 is recommended [ 2 ] . Caution should be noted on patients with a recent surgery, and attendant usage of drugs that increase hazard of shed blooding. Warfarin is besides contraindicated with peptic ulcer and terrible high blood pressure. Side effects are haemorrhage therefore monitoring INR is important as doses need to be adjusted and omitted suitably to forestall major and minor hemorrhage [ 12 ] . Lipid Regulating Drugs Lipid-lowering medicines Lipid-lowering medicines inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A ( HMG-CoA ) reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterin synthesis in the liver. Lowered intracellular concentrations stimulate an addition in look of low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) receptors in the liver ensuing in an increased consumption of LDL-cholesterol from plasma into liver cells. This mechanism reduces LDL and entire cholesterin in the plasma [ 14 ] . Statins is used as a secondary bar of shot in patients who have diagnostic atherosclerotic disease [ 3 ] though they may increase the hazard of early hemorrhagic enlargement [ 15 ] . Besides, lipid-lowering medicines should be carefully used in those with history of liver disease or high intoxicant consumption. Lipid-lowering medicines can do GI perturbations, concern, giddiness [ 12 ] and assorted muscular side-effects including myositis. Haemorrhagic stroke Vitamin K In intercerebral bleeding, vitamin K is normally given intraveneously [ 9 ] . Generally, vitamin K is of import in the formation of coagulating factors II, VII, IX and X. Side consequence includes hypersensitivity. Furthermore transfusions of thrombocytes and fresh frozen plasma are given [ 9 ] . Calcium channel blokers Nimodipine Nimodipine, a Ca channel blocker is normally given to forestall vasospasm and incidence of ischaemic neurological shortages following aneurismal subarachnoid bleeding [ 12 ] . It exerts consequence by doing generalized arterial/arteriolar distension and intellectual vascular beds. It should be carefully used in patients with intellectual hydrops, hypotension and those taking Citrus paradisi. It is besides contraindicated with unstable angina and those who are within one month of myocardial infarction. Nimodipine is besides associated with side effects such as hypotension, fluctuation of bosom rate, concern and GI upsets [ 12 ] . Nonpharmacologic Therapy Lifestyle alterations Post shot patients are encouraged to hold a healthy diet which involves devouring more fruits, and veggies with at least five parts per twenty-four hours. Reducing salt consumption, ruddy meat, debris nutrient and intoxicant ingestion is of import to command blood force per unit area. Home cook nutrient is extremely encouraged than eating out. Besides, quit smoke by motive and support is besides indispensable. Exerting such as walking on a treadmill for station shot patients helps cut down blood force per unit area, maintain organic structure weight, promote healthy bosom musculuss, and keep healthy balance of LDL and HDL in the blood. Surgical intercessions and rehabilitation Centres Craniectomy is used to let go of the lifting force per unit area in instances of ischaemic intellectual hydrops. Carotid endarterectomy ( surgical remotion of atheromas or coagulums ) of a stenosed carotid arteria is effectual to cut down shot incidence and return [ 9 ] . On the other manus, surgical intercession to either cartridge holder or ablate the piquing vascular abnormalcy reduces the opportunities of rebleeding in patients with subarachnoid bleeding [ 2 ] . Besides, stroke attention Centres such as rehabilitation has been shown to cut down disablement and aid patients to relearn loss accomplishments such as walking, pass oning and many others when portion of the encephalon is damaged. NICE Guidelines [ 15 ] Based on the shot algorithm on chart 2, FAST trial should be performed on those with sudden oncoming of neurological symptoms. However those with hypoglycemia should be excluded. Those with positive showing will undergo several diagnosings and appraisal of encephalon showing. If shot is indicated, the patient will be treated with alteplast less than 3 hours from the oncoming of shot. If there are no immediate indicants, scanning has to be done within 24 hours. Following, patients are admitted to acute shot unit for specializer and monitoring intervention. The types of shot will be identified. If it is an ischaemic shot, antiplatelet intervention with 300mg acetylsalicylic acid is given and in hemorrhagic shot, contrary decoagulants are given. Thereafter, supervising patients physiological demands will be done. Surgical referral and intercessions will be done if it is indispensable. Nevertheless, patients who do non necessitate any surgery will be given medical intervention before dis charged. Drumhead Stroke is one of the major unwellnesss that consequences in high per centum of mortality every bit good as disablement. Two major types of shot which accounts for the occluded or leaked arterias have given rise to ischemic and bleedings severally. Signs and symptoms of shot really much depend on the country of harm and the location of the incidence. Treatments available are divided into two parts which is pharmacotherapy and nonpharmacologic therapy. Pharmacotherapy interventions involve the use of drugs while nonpharmacologic therapy involves lifestyle alterations, surgical intercessions and rehabilitations. How to cite Abrupt Onset Neurologic Deficit Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Sustainable Approaches of Wildlife Tourism

Quetion: Discuss about the Sustainable Approaches of Wildlife Tourism. Answer: Introduction A literature review is defined as the piece of work that includes information regarding the current topic and knowledge of the research topic. Usually a literature review contains methodological and theoretical contributions related to the particular topic. The topic selected for this study is Investigating the Challenges, Opportunities and Sustainability of Wildlife Tourism in Australia. The literature review is based on the secondary sources. The data will be collected from the credible articles and scholarly journals from different authors. In a dissertation, literature review of the topic is compulsory; otherwise, the process of data analysis will be incomplete. The topic related to wildlife includes many scopes of wildlife such as challenges, opportunities and sustainability of the wildlife of Australia. Wildlife of Australia is considered as the significant factor while determining the decision-making factors of the government related to the international visitors. Apart from t hat, Wildlife of Australia has a significant impact on the economy of the country in the field of international tourism. The literature review will describe the research findings of different authors regarding the main areas of wildlife in Australia such as economic values, interaction experience, host communities and impacts and management of wildlife. Sustainability of Australian Wildlife Tourism As per Ham and Weiler (2012) sustainable wildlife tourism is important to the country as it shapes the quality and nature of the experiences of the tourist. It is responsible for building a potential influence in the actions and beliefs towards the wildlife of Australia. However, it can be said that the tourists are interested in interacting with the wildlife in a different ways such as free-roaming and in a captive way. It can be physical touching or can be petting zoo in the field of long distance observation (Chusakul et al. 2016). However, the authority records each of the experience in order to formulate sustainable strategies for the development of the experience of the tourists in the tourism. The international visitors of the country felt an emotional and intellectual connection with the wildlife tourism. Ballantyne et al. (2013) illustrates that experiences of wildlife tourism is responsible for creation of a positive impact on the awareness, actions and appreciation of the tourists in relation to the particular wildlife the tourists are encountering while the environment is general. Authors have focused on the different attributes of tourists while maintaining the sustainability of the tourism aspects. The attributes are motivation and pre-visit environmental orientation. It leads to long term and short-term behavioural and environmental change outcomes. According to Ballantyne et al. (2014), there is a relation between wildlife tourism and securing habitat and the conservation of the wildlife. The authorities of preservation of wildlife sometimes put emphasis on the preservation of the wildlife instead of the interests of the tourists in those areas. The managers of those wildlife areas are responsible for conservation and protection of the animals and their habitats. The article focuses on the total number of inbound tourists as well as international tourists. They are much aware of the impact of the environment on the life of the animals and maintaining their habitat. Allen et al. (2015) stated that the experiences of the tourists are important in order to determine the demand of the development of wildlife tourism in Australia. Apart from that, the government of the country finds immense opportunities in developing sustainability for the long-term aspect. The tourists in these destinations are very captive and are seeks to visit more places and attractions. There are many issues faced by the maintenance departments of Australian forest departments in order to maintain the sanctuaries in a proper manner (Ayalew 2016). The different experiences and responses of the visitors regarding the management of the sanctuaries are important in developing policies that attracts more tourists in Australia. It can be done by interacting with the international tourists regarding the expectations of them in Australian wildlife tourism. From the above analysis, it has been found that it can be said that the behaviour of the environment and the tourists are important point of consideration in formulation of sustainable initiatives in the development of wildlife tourism. Apart from that, the experiences of the tourists are the main point of consideration to the authorities maintaining the different strategies of development of the wildlife habitats and areas of tourism. It can also be said that the management practices to some extent put emphasis on the interests of the tourists. The wildlife tourism ventures of the country are responsible for development of the different tourist spots related to the wildlife areas. Opportunities of Australian wildlife tourism Packer et al. (2014) have suggested that there are many opportunities in the development of Australian wildlife tourism when compared to tourism of other countries. Wildlife tourism of Australia has become popular where tourists and tourists operators are busy in providing an opportunity with the close interaction of the customers with the wildlife. It can be said that these activities are responsible for creating a positive impact on the wildlife tourism of the country. It is seen that a long term and deliberate provision of food to the wildlife are proven to change the behavioural patterns of the wildlife and the population. It is the strong point of the article. The weakness of the article is that it only focuses on the feeding aspect prominently rather than other opportunities of supporting the tourism. In this article Monz et al. (2013) stated that the Chinese wildlife tourism and Australian wildlife tourism have many similarities and differences. The attitudes of the tourists of both the countries are taken on order to develop strategies of the development of Australian wildlife tourism. It can be said that the Chinese wildlife tourism faces different aspects of environmental degradation (Tsegaw 2016). The attitudes and perceptions of the Chinese tourists towards the nature are influenced more by the cultural values, traditions, philosophical and religious beliefs. According to Cong et al. (2014), recreation ecology has recent advancements in wildlife tourism that is responsible for creating a relationship between ecological impact and recreational use. The concept of recreation ecology is defined as the study that deals with the environmental consequences of different nature based tourism activities or any types of outdoor reaction with their effective management. It is an evolving field having global importance. The research has illustrated the fact that there is a relation between the ecological impacts and different recreational use (Wong 2015). It has many weaknesses, as the concept is not so popular in the real life world. As stated by Hegglin et al. (2015), inclusion of endangered species in the wildlife tourism of Australia is responsible for the improved satisfaction of the visitors from other countries. It is found that tourists both from domestic and international destinations are found to interact with the species present in the wil dlife tourist destinations. Therefore, it can be said that the tourism of the country is found to be growing its demands in terms of interaction with the endangered species. The strengths of the article is that the author focuses on utilising the opportunity of developing Australian wildlife tourism. Weaknesses of the concept are that it has not mentioned the ways of taking feedback from the visitors of the place. It has also been observed that Chinese tourists in Australia are fond of visiting natural landscapes. Government should develop the areas based on the preferences of the visitors. The weakness of the article lies in the fact that it only focuses on the Chinese tourists not on the other categories of tourists. Challenges of Australian wildlife tourism As per the McAlpine et al. (2015), the conservation of the wildlife is considered as challenging task for the authorities of the country. It is seen that the public attention goes to the areas where the maintenance is not up to the mark. It is responsible for creating a negative impact on the minds of the visitors of the Australian wildlife areas. Apart from that, the species present in those areas also finds many challenges for their survival. They are also threatened, as many of the species are not from the Australian origin. Strengths and weaknesses are related to the extinction of the flora and fauna as well as the endangered species. Techera and Klein (2013) stated that since from the last decades it is seen that the wildlife tourism of Australia has witnessed many challenges in the biological conservation of the areas along with the different types of species present in it. Development is seen in the different aspects of marine tourism. It includes shark eco tourism. In some areas, it can be said that the weakness of the article lies in the regulatory frameworks of the government of Australia. According to Muter et al. (2013), government of Australia is facing challenges in the protection and conservation of the species as well as the flora and fauna. The article illustrates that the marine species are in the verge of extinction. Research has portrayed that there is abundance in the decline of the marine species that are not only destroying the aspects of wildlife tourism but also it destroys the ecosystem. However, these issues have created an impact on the Australian government while passing many regulatory frameworks. For instance, sharks are the species that are facing many vulnerable threats from different types of activities done by humans as well as the global warming impact (Eshetu 2014). The strengths lies in finding ways while mitigating the identified challenges in the wildlife areas. As stated by Pearce and Moscard (2015), social representation of the species present in the areas of wildlife tourism are responsible for creating new forms of challenges in the pe rspective of sustainable tourism. Many incidents are published in the media that tourists are taking selfies with the different types of species of the marine creatures. These activities of the tourists are violating the norms of the tourist spots. It can be easily concluded that Geographical variations are responsible for the extinction of the different types of endangered species. Australian tourism has many legal frameworks that are also creating many obstacles in formulating strategies related to the biological conservation of the different wildlife sanctuaries. Again, it has to be mentioned that Regulations are framed in order to protect the spot from the harmful activities of the visitors. It is the duty of the authorities of the department of the tourism to conserve the flora and fauna along with other species who are responsible for the tourism of the country. Sustainable approaches of the Australian wildlife tourism Bentz et al. (2016) has illustrated that the satisfaction of the customers is the main aspect related to the sustainable management of the Australian wildlife tourism. Satisfied visitors will help in bringing more visitors to the tourist spots. It will help in word of mouth promotion of the tourist place. In this article, author has pointed out that if marine wildlife tourist destinations keep whales, then more tourists will gather in the place. According to Cowling et al. (2014), different types of tourists are attracted to the wildlife tourists. As per the Dimmock and Musa (2015), scuba diving activity in the system of tourism is considered as the appropriate framework for the sustainability efforts and different management activities. This type of tourism system is known as (SDTS) scuba diving tourism system. There are different types of activities that are related to these types of tourism such as marine environment, scuba drivers, scuba diving tourism and host community. There is a need of adaptive management in these tourism activities (Ramukumba et al. 2012). Strengths of the article are implementation of new methods and approaches of attracting more tourists to it. Weakness of the article is that it only focuses on a single aspect i.e. scuba diving in developing strategies of tourist attraction. As stated by Fletcher et al. (2016) indigenous attractions, tourism products, and activities are responsible for offering a cutting edge difference in the tourist destinations of Australia. Sustainable approaches are proven to increase the experience of the visitors in the wildlife tourism of Australia. It can be concluded that among the all marketing activities adopted by the department of tourism in Australia, word of mouth promotion is the most effective one that are responsible for attracting more customers to the place. Wildlife areas of Australia are the opportunities that are responsible for improving the economic condition of the country. Continuous efforts of government in terms of implementing different types of events in the areas of interest help in increasing rush of the tourists. From the other articles, it has been observed that the cultural aesthetics is a vital aspect that is responsible for building strategies of sustainable development. It is seen that a considerable attention is attracted by the indigenous cultures in the field of tourism in the recent years. Both the international tourists and domestic tourists are positively impacted by the element of indigenousness in the process of sustainability. Conclusion The study contains the literature review of the sustainability, opportunity and challenges of the wildlife tourism of Australia. The tourism of Australia is responsible for creating an impact on the economy of the country. The wildlife tourism consists of marine tourism that is also responsible for attracting many international and domestic tourists to the places. Different authors have different views related to the aspect of development of policies and strategies in the sustainable development of tourism. Apart from that, the aspect of conservation is important in order to save the fauna, flora and the natural habitat of the animals that are existing in the forests of Australia. It has also created a positive impact on the development of initiatives that are related to the development of ecosystem in the earth. References Allen, B.L., Higginbottom, K., Bracks, J.H., Davies, N. and Baxter, G.S., 2015. 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