Personal Statement on Economics - 1655 Words

Personal Statement Prompt #1: Economics I have learned a great deal from my father, he is a man who sacrificed much, worked hard, and rose to become a high ranking officer in a major Indonesian company and a member of the faculty at the University of Indonesia. His education and dedication enabled him to become successful enough to send his son to America to receive his education. My fathers work at the university has been a major inspiration to me and if admitted to the University of California, I intend to study economics. I am the first of my family to be educated in America. When I was five, my father receive his PhD and obtained an excellent job with PT.PLN Persero; an Indonesian government owned distributor of electricity. He is now a member of the faculty at the University of Indonesia where he lectures on economics. It was when I attended one of his lectures that I began my interest in economics as a possible choice of careers. His success has always provided me with an example of what a person can do if they work hard and persevere, and I have always tried to follow his example by working hard and doing the very best I could. My interest in economics was expanded when I worked as a paid intern for an Indonesian online media company called Detikcom (detik.com). This company is currently the largest online media company in Indonesia, and my job was to write and translate articles for the business and finance news. My articles can still be found at detik.com.Show MoreRelatedPersonal Statement For Economics755 Words   |  4 Pagesmarkets has always intrigued me, ever since I was a young undergraduate. What fascinated me most about economics was the effort to mathematically model this dynamic driven in part by human behavior and social tendencies. 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Abrupt Onset Neurologic Deficit Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(250) " The hazard of intellectual hemorrhage is besides addition in acute shot \[ 12 \] Antiplatelet drugs Aspirin Aspirin is an antiplatelet drug which exerts its consequence through irreversible suppression of thrombocyte Cox \( COX \) \[ 2 \] \[ 3 \] \." Stroke is described as encephalon hurt due to abnormalcy of blood supply to the encephalon [ 1 ] . In clinical presentation, shot is portrayed as an abrupt-onset neurologic shortage that last at least 24 hours and is of presumed vascular beginning [ 2 ] . Brain cells unlike other cells ; make non hold the capableness to execute anaerobiotic respiration to bring forth energy. We will write a custom essay sample on Abrupt Onset Neurologic Deficit Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore changeless O and glucose must run into its demand for appropriate maps. Perturbations of blood flow leads to inadequacy of these constituents ensuing in lasting neurological harm, disablement or decease. Stroke is besides the 3rd commonest decease in the UK, with lone bosom disease and malignant neoplastic disease accounting for more mortality [ 3 ] . Harmonizing to the British Heart Foundation ( Figure 1 ) , stoke histories for 9 % of all decease in the UK which is tantamount to 53000 deceases each twelvemonth [ 4 ] . Furthermore it besides causes premature mortality, obligated for over 9500 decease every twelvemonth in people under the age of 75, approximately one to twenty of all decease in this age group [ 4 ] . Types of Stroke Stroke occurs when the intellectual arteria that brings blood to the encephalon either becomes occluded or leaked. Therefore there are two sorts of shot ( Figure 2 ) . When blood vass are blocked, ischemia consequences while leaky vass causes bleeding ( Chart 1 ) . Ischemic shot is more common than hemorrhagic shot and it accounts for 87 % of all shot instances [ 5 ] . The hazard factors of shot includes age, familial, high blood force per unit area, smoke, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, happening of bosom onslaught or transient ischaemic onslaughts, fleshiness and other bosom diseases [ 6 ] as explained in deepness in table 1. Pathophysiology Ischemic Stroke The mechanism of ischaemia can be divided into 3 chief classs ; thrombosis, intercalation, and systemic hypoperfusion [ 1 ] . Thrombosis is the pathological formation of haemostatic stopper within the vasculature in the absence of shed blooding [ 3 ] . In simpler footings it refers to the coagulum in an arteria. Carotid coronary artery disease occurs at the site where the common carotid arteria bifurcates into the external and internal carotid arterias [ 7 ] ( Figure 3 ) . The coagulums will finally contract the arteria subdivisions and blood flow is badly reduced. However if the coagulum manages to interrupt free and dislodge in other variety meats such as the encephalon, bosom or kidneys ; intercalation is said to hold occurred. The embolus may come from assorted countries for illustration coagulums from bosom walls due to atrial fibrillation may so go up to the bifurcate country of the common carotid arteria therefore ensuing in an impeding blood flow to the encephalon. Finally, s ystemic hypoperfusion is due to a generalised loss of arterial force per unit area [ 8 ] . This is associated with terrible hypotension, monolithic myocardial infarction [ 8 ] , shed blooding and loss of fluid in organic structure tissues [ 1 ] . Haemorrhagic Stroke Haemorrhagic stroke can be divided in to several different subtypes, the most common being intracerebral and subarachnoid bleeding [ 9 ] . Intracerebral bleeding refers to haemorrhage in the encephalon peculiarly inside the pia affair while subarachnoid bleeding refers to bleedings outside the arachnoid but inside the dura affair [ 1 ] ( Figure 4 ) . Clinical findings Ischemic shot Signs /Symptoms Symptoms may happen depending on the type of arterias that are block and the location of the occlusion. If the internal carotid arteria is blocked, patients may see sightlessness on one oculus, hemiparesis ( inability to travel one half of the organic structure ) , prosopagnisoa ( inability to acknowledge faces ) , aphasia ( inability to speek ) and dysarthria ( ocular field effects ) [ 2 ] [ 7 ] [ 9 ] . However if the vertebral arteria is occluded ; giddiness, dizziness, dual vision and failing or centripetal perturbations in some or all or the limbs will attest. Other jobs such as depression, kiping trouble, deep vena thrombosis as a consequence from inability to travel legs for a long period of clip ensuing in pneumonic intercalation may besides originate in shot patients [ 1 ] . Diagnosis Ischemic patient will frequently hold a history of high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, or valvular bosom disease [ 10 ] . Sudden oncoming of characteristic neurological shortage besides accounts for the diagnosing. Doctors besides test the patient A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s address, memory, ocular and facial motions [ 1 ] . Besides, a encephalon imaging trial such as CT ( Computed imaging ) and MRI ( Magnetic Resonance Imaging ) scan of the caput is indispensable in excepting intellectual bleeding with intellectual infarct and tumor [ 10 ] . Electrocardiography ( ECG ) and a complete blood trial is besides done [ 1 ] . Haemorrhagic Stroke Signs /Symptoms In subarachnoid bleeding, symptoms such as sudden concern followed by a loss or damage of consciousness that may sometimes intensify to coma or decease may happen [ 10 ] . Almost similar symptoms were noted for intracerebral bleeding whereby consciousness is ab initio lost followed by frequent purging [ 10 ] . Diagnosis CT ( Computed imaging ) scanning is of import to corroborate that bleeding has occurred. [ 10 ] . Besides, a complete blood sugar, blood count, thrombocyte count, shed blooding clip, factor II and partial thrombokinase times and liver and kidney map trial [ 10 ] are besides carried out. Treatments The coveted intervention of shot is to cut down neural impairment, bar of secondary complications and to avoid shot return [ 2 ] . Treatment therapy can be farther divided into pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapy. The list of drugs, their action and their side effects could be found in table 2. Pharmacologic therapy Ischaemic shot Thrombolytic drugs Alteplase ( rt, tissue-type plasminogen activator ) Alteplase is a thrombolytic drug which consist of a individual concatenation recombinant tPA. It has high selectivity for fibrin-bound plasminogen that on plasma plasminogen and being labelled amp ; acirc ; ˆ?clot-selective A ; acirc ; ˆA? [ 3 ] . It has the advantage of lysing merely fibrin [ 11 ] and less consequence on circulating, unbound plasminogen [ 14 ] . Patients under alteplast should be monitored for their intracranial bleeding and blood force per unit area. Besides, alteplast is besides contraindicated in patients with paroxysm attach toing shot, and a history of patients with diabetes [ 12 ] . The side effects of utilizing alteplast are chiefly nausea, purging and shed blooding. The hazard of intellectual hemorrhage is besides addition in acute shot [ 12 ] Antiplatelet drugs Aspirin Aspirin is an antiplatelet drug which exerts its consequence through irreversible suppression of thrombocyte Cox ( COX ) [ 2 ] [ 3 ] . Consequently, the transition of arachidonic acid to thromboxane A ( TXA ) , which is a powerful vasoconstrictive and stimulator of thrombocyte collection is later been prevented. As binding is irreversible, thrombocyte can non synthesis new protein due to the deficiency of nuclei therefore its map is altered for its full life span. Additionally, acetylsalicylic acid besides inhibits prostacyclin ( PGI ) synthesis in endothelium ; nevertheless depletion of prostacyclin is non prolonged as endothelium is able to synthesis new prostacyclins [ 2 ] . Hence acetylsalicylic acid is said to change the balance between TXA and PGI in such as manner that platelet anti-aggregating consequence is maintained. Aspirin is contraindicated in patients with hypersensivity to aspirin and other NSAID, active peptic ulceration, hemophilia and other hemorrhage upsets. Furth ermore cautiousness should be applied when utilizing with asthma patients. Its side effects include bronchospam and GI annoyance [ 12 ] . Clopidogrel Clopidogrel exhibits its consequence by moving as an inhibitor of the adenosine diphosphate ( ADP ) tract of thrombocyte collection [ 2 ] and therefore suppress the activation of GP llb/lla receptors on thrombocyte which requires them to adhere to fibrinogen and each other [ 11 ] . Caution should be noted when utilizing clopidogrel with patients who are at hazard of shed blooding from injury or surgery. Furthermore it is contraindicated in patients with active hemorrhage. Clopidogrel is besides associated with side effects such as indigestion, diarrhea, abdominal hurting and hemorrhage upsets ( including gastrointestinal and intracranial ) [ 12 ] . Clopidogrel is frequently use concomitantly with acetylsalicylic acid in cut downing shot [ 2 ] and used as a monotherapy when acetylsalicylic acid is non tolerated despite add-on of a proton pump inhibitor [ 12 ] . Dipyridamole Dipyridamole exert its consequence by increasing intracellular degrees of camp by suppressing cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase accordingly cut downing thromboxane Asynthesis which is potent in thrombocyte collection [ 11 ] . In add-on, dipyridamole is known to hold possible vasodilating belongingss through its suppression of adenosine consumption in vascular smooth musculuss [ 13 ] Dipyridamole is frequently combined with acetylsalicylic acid in a sustain release preparation for secondary bars of ischemic shot [ 13 ] and is uneffective when used entirely [ 12 ] . Besides, it should be used with cautiousness in patients with aortal stricture, declining angina and drugs that may increase hazard of shed blooding. Its side effects are GI effects, giddiness, and throbbing concern [ 12 ] . Ticlopidine Ticlopidine is a thienopyridine antiplatelet which has similar construction and mechanism of action to clopidogrel [ 2 ] . However it is associated with haematological perturbations such as neuropenia as it suppresses bone marrow. It besides causes roseola, diarrhea and elevated serum cholesterin degree [ 2 ] therefore it is debatable when administrating them to patients. Nevertheless it is given to patients who fail to react to aspirin, acetylsalicylic acids combined with dipyridamole and clopidogrel [ 13 ] . Anticoagulants Warfarin Warfarin is unwritten decoagulants which inhibit the decrease of vitamin K therefore interfering with post-translational -carboxylation of glutamic acid residues in coagulating factors [ 3 ] . Warfarin is use as bar of shot in patients with atrial fibrillation. Targeting an international standardization ration ( INR ) of 2.5 is recommended [ 2 ] . Caution should be noted on patients with a recent surgery, and attendant usage of drugs that increase hazard of shed blooding. Warfarin is besides contraindicated with peptic ulcer and terrible high blood pressure. Side effects are haemorrhage therefore monitoring INR is important as doses need to be adjusted and omitted suitably to forestall major and minor hemorrhage [ 12 ] . Lipid Regulating Drugs Lipid-lowering medicines Lipid-lowering medicines inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A ( HMG-CoA ) reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterin synthesis in the liver. Lowered intracellular concentrations stimulate an addition in look of low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) receptors in the liver ensuing in an increased consumption of LDL-cholesterol from plasma into liver cells. This mechanism reduces LDL and entire cholesterin in the plasma [ 14 ] . Statins is used as a secondary bar of shot in patients who have diagnostic atherosclerotic disease [ 3 ] though they may increase the hazard of early hemorrhagic enlargement [ 15 ] . Besides, lipid-lowering medicines should be carefully used in those with history of liver disease or high intoxicant consumption. Lipid-lowering medicines can do GI perturbations, concern, giddiness [ 12 ] and assorted muscular side-effects including myositis. Haemorrhagic stroke Vitamin K In intercerebral bleeding, vitamin K is normally given intraveneously [ 9 ] . Generally, vitamin K is of import in the formation of coagulating factors II, VII, IX and X. Side consequence includes hypersensitivity. Furthermore transfusions of thrombocytes and fresh frozen plasma are given [ 9 ] . Calcium channel blokers Nimodipine Nimodipine, a Ca channel blocker is normally given to forestall vasospasm and incidence of ischaemic neurological shortages following aneurismal subarachnoid bleeding [ 12 ] . It exerts consequence by doing generalized arterial/arteriolar distension and intellectual vascular beds. It should be carefully used in patients with intellectual hydrops, hypotension and those taking Citrus paradisi. It is besides contraindicated with unstable angina and those who are within one month of myocardial infarction. Nimodipine is besides associated with side effects such as hypotension, fluctuation of bosom rate, concern and GI upsets [ 12 ] . Nonpharmacologic Therapy Lifestyle alterations Post shot patients are encouraged to hold a healthy diet which involves devouring more fruits, and veggies with at least five parts per twenty-four hours. Reducing salt consumption, ruddy meat, debris nutrient and intoxicant ingestion is of import to command blood force per unit area. Home cook nutrient is extremely encouraged than eating out. Besides, quit smoke by motive and support is besides indispensable. Exerting such as walking on a treadmill for station shot patients helps cut down blood force per unit area, maintain organic structure weight, promote healthy bosom musculuss, and keep healthy balance of LDL and HDL in the blood. Surgical intercessions and rehabilitation Centres Craniectomy is used to let go of the lifting force per unit area in instances of ischaemic intellectual hydrops. Carotid endarterectomy ( surgical remotion of atheromas or coagulums ) of a stenosed carotid arteria is effectual to cut down shot incidence and return [ 9 ] . On the other manus, surgical intercession to either cartridge holder or ablate the piquing vascular abnormalcy reduces the opportunities of rebleeding in patients with subarachnoid bleeding [ 2 ] . Besides, stroke attention Centres such as rehabilitation has been shown to cut down disablement and aid patients to relearn loss accomplishments such as walking, pass oning and many others when portion of the encephalon is damaged. NICE Guidelines [ 15 ] Based on the shot algorithm on chart 2, FAST trial should be performed on those with sudden oncoming of neurological symptoms. However those with hypoglycemia should be excluded. Those with positive showing will undergo several diagnosings and appraisal of encephalon showing. If shot is indicated, the patient will be treated with alteplast less than 3 hours from the oncoming of shot. If there are no immediate indicants, scanning has to be done within 24 hours. Following, patients are admitted to acute shot unit for specializer and monitoring intervention. The types of shot will be identified. If it is an ischaemic shot, antiplatelet intervention with 300mg acetylsalicylic acid is given and in hemorrhagic shot, contrary decoagulants are given. Thereafter, supervising patients physiological demands will be done. Surgical referral and intercessions will be done if it is indispensable. Nevertheless, patients who do non necessitate any surgery will be given medical intervention before dis charged. Drumhead Stroke is one of the major unwellnesss that consequences in high per centum of mortality every bit good as disablement. Two major types of shot which accounts for the occluded or leaked arterias have given rise to ischemic and bleedings severally. Signs and symptoms of shot really much depend on the country of harm and the location of the incidence. Treatments available are divided into two parts which is pharmacotherapy and nonpharmacologic therapy. Pharmacotherapy interventions involve the use of drugs while nonpharmacologic therapy involves lifestyle alterations, surgical intercessions and rehabilitations. How to cite Abrupt Onset Neurologic Deficit Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Sustainable Approaches of Wildlife Tourism

Quetion: Discuss about the Sustainable Approaches of Wildlife Tourism. Answer: Introduction A literature review is defined as the piece of work that includes information regarding the current topic and knowledge of the research topic. Usually a literature review contains methodological and theoretical contributions related to the particular topic. The topic selected for this study is Investigating the Challenges, Opportunities and Sustainability of Wildlife Tourism in Australia. The literature review is based on the secondary sources. The data will be collected from the credible articles and scholarly journals from different authors. In a dissertation, literature review of the topic is compulsory; otherwise, the process of data analysis will be incomplete. The topic related to wildlife includes many scopes of wildlife such as challenges, opportunities and sustainability of the wildlife of Australia. Wildlife of Australia is considered as the significant factor while determining the decision-making factors of the government related to the international visitors. Apart from t hat, Wildlife of Australia has a significant impact on the economy of the country in the field of international tourism. The literature review will describe the research findings of different authors regarding the main areas of wildlife in Australia such as economic values, interaction experience, host communities and impacts and management of wildlife. Sustainability of Australian Wildlife Tourism As per Ham and Weiler (2012) sustainable wildlife tourism is important to the country as it shapes the quality and nature of the experiences of the tourist. It is responsible for building a potential influence in the actions and beliefs towards the wildlife of Australia. However, it can be said that the tourists are interested in interacting with the wildlife in a different ways such as free-roaming and in a captive way. It can be physical touching or can be petting zoo in the field of long distance observation (Chusakul et al. 2016). However, the authority records each of the experience in order to formulate sustainable strategies for the development of the experience of the tourists in the tourism. The international visitors of the country felt an emotional and intellectual connection with the wildlife tourism. Ballantyne et al. (2013) illustrates that experiences of wildlife tourism is responsible for creation of a positive impact on the awareness, actions and appreciation of the tourists in relation to the particular wildlife the tourists are encountering while the environment is general. Authors have focused on the different attributes of tourists while maintaining the sustainability of the tourism aspects. The attributes are motivation and pre-visit environmental orientation. It leads to long term and short-term behavioural and environmental change outcomes. According to Ballantyne et al. (2014), there is a relation between wildlife tourism and securing habitat and the conservation of the wildlife. The authorities of preservation of wildlife sometimes put emphasis on the preservation of the wildlife instead of the interests of the tourists in those areas. The managers of those wildlife areas are responsible for conservation and protection of the animals and their habitats. The article focuses on the total number of inbound tourists as well as international tourists. They are much aware of the impact of the environment on the life of the animals and maintaining their habitat. Allen et al. (2015) stated that the experiences of the tourists are important in order to determine the demand of the development of wildlife tourism in Australia. Apart from that, the government of the country finds immense opportunities in developing sustainability for the long-term aspect. The tourists in these destinations are very captive and are seeks to visit more places and attractions. There are many issues faced by the maintenance departments of Australian forest departments in order to maintain the sanctuaries in a proper manner (Ayalew 2016). The different experiences and responses of the visitors regarding the management of the sanctuaries are important in developing policies that attracts more tourists in Australia. It can be done by interacting with the international tourists regarding the expectations of them in Australian wildlife tourism. From the above analysis, it has been found that it can be said that the behaviour of the environment and the tourists are important point of consideration in formulation of sustainable initiatives in the development of wildlife tourism. Apart from that, the experiences of the tourists are the main point of consideration to the authorities maintaining the different strategies of development of the wildlife habitats and areas of tourism. It can also be said that the management practices to some extent put emphasis on the interests of the tourists. The wildlife tourism ventures of the country are responsible for development of the different tourist spots related to the wildlife areas. Opportunities of Australian wildlife tourism Packer et al. (2014) have suggested that there are many opportunities in the development of Australian wildlife tourism when compared to tourism of other countries. Wildlife tourism of Australia has become popular where tourists and tourists operators are busy in providing an opportunity with the close interaction of the customers with the wildlife. It can be said that these activities are responsible for creating a positive impact on the wildlife tourism of the country. It is seen that a long term and deliberate provision of food to the wildlife are proven to change the behavioural patterns of the wildlife and the population. It is the strong point of the article. The weakness of the article is that it only focuses on the feeding aspect prominently rather than other opportunities of supporting the tourism. In this article Monz et al. (2013) stated that the Chinese wildlife tourism and Australian wildlife tourism have many similarities and differences. The attitudes of the tourists of both the countries are taken on order to develop strategies of the development of Australian wildlife tourism. It can be said that the Chinese wildlife tourism faces different aspects of environmental degradation (Tsegaw 2016). The attitudes and perceptions of the Chinese tourists towards the nature are influenced more by the cultural values, traditions, philosophical and religious beliefs. According to Cong et al. (2014), recreation ecology has recent advancements in wildlife tourism that is responsible for creating a relationship between ecological impact and recreational use. The concept of recreation ecology is defined as the study that deals with the environmental consequences of different nature based tourism activities or any types of outdoor reaction with their effective management. It is an evolving field having global importance. The research has illustrated the fact that there is a relation between the ecological impacts and different recreational use (Wong 2015). It has many weaknesses, as the concept is not so popular in the real life world. As stated by Hegglin et al. (2015), inclusion of endangered species in the wildlife tourism of Australia is responsible for the improved satisfaction of the visitors from other countries. It is found that tourists both from domestic and international destinations are found to interact with the species present in the wil dlife tourist destinations. Therefore, it can be said that the tourism of the country is found to be growing its demands in terms of interaction with the endangered species. The strengths of the article is that the author focuses on utilising the opportunity of developing Australian wildlife tourism. Weaknesses of the concept are that it has not mentioned the ways of taking feedback from the visitors of the place. It has also been observed that Chinese tourists in Australia are fond of visiting natural landscapes. Government should develop the areas based on the preferences of the visitors. The weakness of the article lies in the fact that it only focuses on the Chinese tourists not on the other categories of tourists. Challenges of Australian wildlife tourism As per the McAlpine et al. (2015), the conservation of the wildlife is considered as challenging task for the authorities of the country. It is seen that the public attention goes to the areas where the maintenance is not up to the mark. It is responsible for creating a negative impact on the minds of the visitors of the Australian wildlife areas. Apart from that, the species present in those areas also finds many challenges for their survival. They are also threatened, as many of the species are not from the Australian origin. Strengths and weaknesses are related to the extinction of the flora and fauna as well as the endangered species. Techera and Klein (2013) stated that since from the last decades it is seen that the wildlife tourism of Australia has witnessed many challenges in the biological conservation of the areas along with the different types of species present in it. Development is seen in the different aspects of marine tourism. It includes shark eco tourism. In some areas, it can be said that the weakness of the article lies in the regulatory frameworks of the government of Australia. According to Muter et al. (2013), government of Australia is facing challenges in the protection and conservation of the species as well as the flora and fauna. The article illustrates that the marine species are in the verge of extinction. Research has portrayed that there is abundance in the decline of the marine species that are not only destroying the aspects of wildlife tourism but also it destroys the ecosystem. However, these issues have created an impact on the Australian government while passing many regulatory frameworks. For instance, sharks are the species that are facing many vulnerable threats from different types of activities done by humans as well as the global warming impact (Eshetu 2014). The strengths lies in finding ways while mitigating the identified challenges in the wildlife areas. As stated by Pearce and Moscard (2015), social representation of the species present in the areas of wildlife tourism are responsible for creating new forms of challenges in the pe rspective of sustainable tourism. Many incidents are published in the media that tourists are taking selfies with the different types of species of the marine creatures. These activities of the tourists are violating the norms of the tourist spots. It can be easily concluded that Geographical variations are responsible for the extinction of the different types of endangered species. Australian tourism has many legal frameworks that are also creating many obstacles in formulating strategies related to the biological conservation of the different wildlife sanctuaries. Again, it has to be mentioned that Regulations are framed in order to protect the spot from the harmful activities of the visitors. It is the duty of the authorities of the department of the tourism to conserve the flora and fauna along with other species who are responsible for the tourism of the country. Sustainable approaches of the Australian wildlife tourism Bentz et al. (2016) has illustrated that the satisfaction of the customers is the main aspect related to the sustainable management of the Australian wildlife tourism. Satisfied visitors will help in bringing more visitors to the tourist spots. It will help in word of mouth promotion of the tourist place. In this article, author has pointed out that if marine wildlife tourist destinations keep whales, then more tourists will gather in the place. According to Cowling et al. (2014), different types of tourists are attracted to the wildlife tourists. As per the Dimmock and Musa (2015), scuba diving activity in the system of tourism is considered as the appropriate framework for the sustainability efforts and different management activities. This type of tourism system is known as (SDTS) scuba diving tourism system. There are different types of activities that are related to these types of tourism such as marine environment, scuba drivers, scuba diving tourism and host community. There is a need of adaptive management in these tourism activities (Ramukumba et al. 2012). Strengths of the article are implementation of new methods and approaches of attracting more tourists to it. Weakness of the article is that it only focuses on a single aspect i.e. scuba diving in developing strategies of tourist attraction. As stated by Fletcher et al. (2016) indigenous attractions, tourism products, and activities are responsible for offering a cutting edge difference in the tourist destinations of Australia. Sustainable approaches are proven to increase the experience of the visitors in the wildlife tourism of Australia. It can be concluded that among the all marketing activities adopted by the department of tourism in Australia, word of mouth promotion is the most effective one that are responsible for attracting more customers to the place. Wildlife areas of Australia are the opportunities that are responsible for improving the economic condition of the country. Continuous efforts of government in terms of implementing different types of events in the areas of interest help in increasing rush of the tourists. From the other articles, it has been observed that the cultural aesthetics is a vital aspect that is responsible for building strategies of sustainable development. It is seen that a considerable attention is attracted by the indigenous cultures in the field of tourism in the recent years. Both the international tourists and domestic tourists are positively impacted by the element of indigenousness in the process of sustainability. Conclusion The study contains the literature review of the sustainability, opportunity and challenges of the wildlife tourism of Australia. The tourism of Australia is responsible for creating an impact on the economy of the country. The wildlife tourism consists of marine tourism that is also responsible for attracting many international and domestic tourists to the places. Different authors have different views related to the aspect of development of policies and strategies in the sustainable development of tourism. Apart from that, the aspect of conservation is important in order to save the fauna, flora and the natural habitat of the animals that are existing in the forests of Australia. It has also created a positive impact on the development of initiatives that are related to the development of ecosystem in the earth. References Allen, B.L., Higginbottom, K., Bracks, J.H., Davies, N. and Baxter, G.S., 2015. Balancing dingo conservation with human safety on Fraser Island: the numerical and demographic effects of humane destruction of dingoes.Australasian Journal of Environmental Management,22(2), pp.197-215. Ayalew, M. T. 2016. The role of media in tourism promotion: A case study in Ethiopia. Journal of Hospitality Management and Tourism, 7(5), 50-56. Ballantyne, R., Packer, J. and Falk, J., 2013. Visitors learning for environmental sustainability: Testing short-and long-term impacts of wildlife tourism experiences using structural equation modelling.Tourism Management,32(6), pp.1243-1252. Ballantyne, R., Packer, J. and Hughes, K., 2014. Tourists' support for conservation messages and sustainable management practices in wildlife tourism experiences.Tourism Management,30(5), pp.658-664. Bentz, J., Lopes, F., Calado, H. and Dearden, P., 2016. Enhancing satisfaction and sustainable management: Whale watching in the Azores.Tourism Management,54, pp.465-476. Chusakul, W., Kovathanakul, D., and Esichaikul, D. B. A. R. 2016. Exploring non-governmental organisations (NGOs) management in the authenticity of volunteer tourism: Evidence from the Northeastern Region of Thailand. Journal of Hospitality Management and Tourism, 7(6), 57-64. Cong, L., Wu, B., Morrison, A.M., Shu, H. and Wang, M., 2014. Analysis of wildlife tourism experiences with endangered species: An exploratory study of encounters with giant pandas in Chengdu, China.Tourism Management,40, pp.300-310. Cowling, M., Kirkwood, R., Boren, L.J. and Scarpaci, C., 2014. The effects of seal-swim activities on the New Zealand fur seal (Arctophoca australis forsteri) in the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand, and recommendations for a sustainable tourism industry.Marine Policy,45, pp.39-44. Dimmock, K. and Musa, G., 2015. Scuba Diving Tourism System: A framework for collaborative management and sustainability.Marine Policy,54, pp.52-58. Fletcher, C., Pforr, C. and Brueckner, M., 2016. Factors influencing Indigenous engagement in tourism development: an international perspective.Journal of Sustainable Tourism, pp.1-21. Ham, S.H. and Weiler, B., 2012. Interpretation as the centerpiece of sustainable wildlife tourism.Sustainable Tourism. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, pp.35-44. Hegglin, D., Bontadina, F. and Deplazes, P., 2015. Humanwildlife interactions and zoonotic transmission of Echinococcus multilocularis.Trends in parasitology,31(5), pp.167-173. McAlpine, C., Lunney, D., Melzer, A., Menkhorst, P., Phillips, S., Phalen, D., Ellis, W., Foley, W., Baxter, G., de Villiers, D. and Kavanagh, R., 2015. Conserving koalas: a review of the contrasting regional trends, outlooks and policy challenges.Biological Conservation,192, pp.226-236. Monz, C.A., Pickering, C.M. and Hadwen, W.L., 2013. Recent advances in recreation ecology and the implications of different relationships between recreation use and ecological impacts.Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,11(8), pp.441-446. Muter, B.A., Gore, M.L., Gledhill, K.S., Lamont, C. and Huveneers, C., 2013. Australian and US news media portrayal of sharks and their conservation.Conservation Biology,27(1), pp.187-196. Packer, J., Ballantyne, R. and Hughes, K., 2014. Chinese and Australian tourists' attitudes to nature, animals and environmental issues: Implications for the design of nature-based tourism experiences.Tourism Management,44, pp.101-107. Pearce, J. and Moscardo, G., 2015. Social representations of tourist selfies: new challenges for sustainable tourism. Ramukumba T., Mmbengwa V. M., Mwamayi K. A. and Groenewald J. A.. (2012). Analysis of the socio-economic impacts of tourism for emerging tourism entrepreneurs: The case of George municipality in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Journal of Hospitality Management and Tourism, 3(3), 39-45. Techera, E.J. and Klein, N., 2013. The role of law in shark-based eco-tourism: lessons from Australia.Marine Policy,39, pp.21-28. Tsegaw, W. E. 2016. Borena Saynt National Park in danger of irreversible loss and community based ecotourism as a panacea. Journal of Hospitality Management and Tourism, 7(1), 11-24. Wong, T. C. 2015. Exploring sustainable tourism development in mountainous Guizhou Province, China. Journal of Hospitality Management and Tourism, 6(6), 60-70. Ketema, T. D. 2015. Development of community based ecotourism in Wenchi Crater Lake, Ethiopia: Challenges and prospects. Journal of Hospitality Management and Tourism, 6(4), 39 - 46. Eshetu, A.A. 2014. Development of community based ecotourism in Borena-Saynt National Park, North central Ethiopia: Opportunities and Challenges. Journal of Hospitality Management and Tourism, 5(1), 1-12.

Romeo And Juliet Essays (604 words) - Romeo And Juliet, Fiction

Romeo And Juliet Romeo and Juliet Essay In Shakespeare's tragedies the main characters die in the end, and in his comedies people marry. Since Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy, Romeo and Juliet are going to die in the end. Some events have to lead to their deaths, and someone makes these events happen. The people who started it all and did something that led to all the other events that caused the death of the couple. The Capulets and Montagues would be the most responsible ones for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet because if their families didn't start the fighting, and they didn't continue it, nothing bad would have happened. The first lines of the book tell us about the hate and envy between the two houses. The whole fight started a long time ago with really stupid little things, and then grew into huge fights involving many people. No leader of either household even thought about making peace, they were all too busy to spoil everything for the rival family. Only after the death of their children they realized how wrong they were. Romeo and Juliet first met each other at a party at the Capulets house. They fall in love with each other at the first sight without knowing that they are from families who hate each other, and when they do learn about it, it is too late. Juliet realizes that it was a mistake to fall in love with Romeo, because he is one of the people she should watch out for. He is her first and only love, but he is an enemy of her family. Lucky for Romeo, Juliet is smart, and such dumb thing as hate between their parents wouldn't stop her from loving Romeo and getting married with him. She is sorry that their families are enemies, though, because everything would be much easier if they weren't. So this is the first time when the hate between Capulets and Montagues becomes problem to Romeo and Juliets happiness. Only after their children die, the Montagues and Capulets come to their senses. The Prince accuses them of killing Romeo and Juliet. The Prince makes them see how wrong they were all the time, that all because of their hate, because they couldn't let their children love each other, Romeo and Juliet died. After that, Capulets and Montagues decide to call it quits. No more fighting, and Montague even says that he will make a gold statue of Juliet, but what is that going to do? It is too late, nothing will bring them back. It is totally Capulets' and Montagues' fault that Romeo and Juliet died. If they didn't hate each other so much, they would let their children get married, and they would be able to live happily ever after. There was only one person that realized how unreasonable the fighting was and even tried to stop it, and he was Benvolio. Benvolio was a Montague, but the Capulets didn't have a peacemaker like Benvolio. They only had Tybalt, whose only goal was to destroy all the Montagues. We don't really know how Romeo and Juliet's parents would have reacted if they had known that their children were in love with each other. Romeo and Juliet didn't even try to tell them about love between them because they were afraid that their parents wouldn't understand, but maybe they would have. But, Capulet and Montague learned about their children's love when they were already dead. It is still mostly Capulets' and Montagues' fault that Romeo and Juliet died, but maybe it was just their fate to die.

Michigan DOMA Social Security Benefits for the Disabled

Michigan DOMA Social Security Benefits for the Disabled DOMA and Social Security Benefits for the Disabled On June 26, 2013, the Supreme Court issued its controversial decision in United States v. Windsor, invalidating the definition of marriage formerly established by the DOMA laws.Consequently, the Social Security Administration (SSA) is no longer prohibited from recognizing same-sex marriage for determining benefits.  The Acting Commissioner of Social Security, Carolyn W. Colvin, issued a statement on payments to same-sex couples on August 9, 2013, stating â€Å"I am pleased to announce that Social Security is now processing some retirement spouse claims for same-sex couples and paying benefits where they are due. The recent Supreme Court decision . . . helps to ensure that all Americans are treated fairly and equally, with the dignity and respect they deserve.[i]The Windsor decision is monumental for those who are now entitled to benefits that they were not eligible for previously filed on or after June 26, 2013, including auxiliary and spousal benefits. However, this change also a ffects how offsets are calculated for Supplemental Security Income (‘SSI’) payments. As a result of the Windsor decision, SSA is now able to approve some husband’s and wife’s claims in same-sex marriages.[ii] In order to be eligible, applicants must meet all factors of entitlement, and must have been married in a state that permits same-sex marriage as well as domiciled in a state that recognizes same-sex marriage, either at the time of application or while the claim is pending a final decision. The following chart outlines the states that recognize same-sex marriage from any other states and permitted in that state:[iii]StateDate Same-Sex Marriages from Any Other State Was RecognizedDate Same-Sex Marriages Were Permitted in the StateCaliforniaJune 17, 2008 – November 4, 2008June 26, 2013 – presentJune 17, 2008 – November 4, 2008June 26, 2013 – presentConnecticutNovember 12, 2008November 12, 2008DelawareJuly 1, 2013July 1, 2013I owaApril 30, 2009April 20, 2009MaineDecember 29, 2012December 29, 2012MarylandFebruary 23, 2010January 1, 2013MassachusettsMay 17, 2004May 17, 2004MinnesotaAugust 1, 2013August 1, 2013New HampshireJanuary 1, 2010January 1, 2010New YorkFebruary 1, 2008July 24, 2011Rhode IslandMay 14, 2012August 1, 2013VermontSeptember 1, 2009September 1, 2009WashingtonDecember 6, 2012December 6, 2012Washington, DCJuly 7, 2009March 9, 2010[i] Ms. Colvin further highlights â€Å"[w]e continue to work closely with the Department of Justice. In the coming weeks and months, we will develop and implement additional policy and processing instructions. We appreciate the public’s patience as we work through the legal issues to ensure that our policy is legally sound and clear. I encourage individuals who believe they may be eligible for  Social Security benefits  to apply now, to protect against the loss of any potential benefits. We will process claims as soon as additional instructions become fi nalized.†[ii] Active and retired governmental employees in same-sex marriages are now able to extend automatic coverage for health insurance and other benefit programs to their spouses and children Note that the Federal Employees Retirement system incorporates Social Security benefits, which encompasses nearly nine-tenths of federal employees, while the Civil Service Retirement System does not include Social Security, covering about four-fifths of the current retired population. Employees were given until August 26, 2013 to make specific changes, including from individual to family, to enrollment or they must wait until November when the annual benefits open enrollment begins.[iii]  See  POMS GN 00210 BASIC, https://secure.ssa.gov/apps10/public/reference.nsf/links/08092013111040AM. Further, once the above criteria are satisfied, a claimant for spousal benefits must also meet the one-year duration of marriage requirement prior to the adjudication of the claim. The one-year duration of marriage requirement begins on the date the couple was married and the date of filing an application. Do not consider the date of the Windsor decision for purposes of determining entitlement.Blog Post Provided By:Disability Attorneys of Michigan 30500 Van Dyke Ave, Ste. 400 Warren, Michigan 48093

ACT Score Ranges Understand Your Score vs. Class Grades

ACT Score Ranges Understand Your Score vs. Class Grades SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you wondering what the highest and lowest possible scores you can get on the ACTare? And, once you receive your score, what does it mean? Many people find it difficult to understand their ACTscore because the exam doesn't usethe same kinds of grades your classes do. In this guide, we've converted ACTscores into class grades to make them easier for you to understand. What'sthe Total Range of ACT Scores? For each section of the ACT, the lowest score you can get is a 1, and the highest score you can get is a 36. The ACT contains four required sections, English, Math, Reading, and Science, and scores from each of those sections are then averaged to get a total composite score for the entire exam. The range of the composite score is also 1-36. However, that still doesn't tell you all the information you need to know. This is because it's quite uncommon for someone to get a perfect score of 36 or a low score of 1 on the ACT. Also, you're probably more used to letter grades, like A- or B+, because that's whatyou see in class. To give you a better understanding of the ACT, we've converted ACT scoresinto letter grades as well asnumericalclass grades, like 85% or 55%, that you've likely seen throughout your time in school. How Can You Interpret Your ACT Score? In the table below, we've mappedACT scores to numerical and letter class grades. We thenexplain how to interpret the results and also how we created the table. In the final section of this guide, we also discuss what a good ACT score is. Conversion of ACTScores to Class Grade Equivalents ACT Composite Score Numerical Class Grade Letter Class Grade 36 100.0 A+ 35 99.9 A+ 34 99.8 A+ 33 99.6 A+ 32 99.3 A+ 31 99.0 A+ 30 98.5 A+ 29 98.0 A+ 28 97.4 A+ 27 96.6 A 26 95.7 A 25 94.7 A 24 93.5 A 23 92.1 A- 22 90.6 A- 21 88.9 B+ 20 87.2 B+ 19 85.5 B 18 83.7 B 17 81.5 B- 16 78.7 C+ 15 75.5 C 14 71.6 C- 13 64.1 D 12 45.1 F 27.3 F 10 15.9 F 9 9.9 F 8 6.4 F 7 4.0 F 6 2.5 F 5 1.5 F 4 0.8 F 3 0.5 F 2 0.3 F 1 0.0 F How can you use this table? For example, say you got a 17 on the ACT. You'd then want to find this row: ACT Composite Score Numerical Class Grade Letter Class Grade 17 81.5 B- From the table, we can see that getting a 17 on the ACT is roughly equivalent to getting a score of 81.5% or a letter grade of B- for a class. What DoesThis Table Really Mean? Put simply, the above table takes ACT scores and converts them to class grades. This gives you a rough idea of what letter grade or percentage you would have gotten on the ACT if the exam had used those types of scoring methods. Class grades are familiar to you because you've used them your whole life, but you may not have any experience with the ACT grading scale. The table takes information you may not completely understand and converts it to something you're more familiar with. More precisely, the above table convertsACT scores to class grades based on percentiles. These percentiles were calculated based on scores of previous ACT exam-takers. The class grades percentiles were based on a large academic survey of grading trends in college (which typically closely match high school grades). So, to go from an ACT score of 17 to a class grade of a B-, we found the ACT percentile for 17, then used the survey to determine what letter grade corresponded to that same percentile. Things to Note inthe Table First, note that the distribution ofACT scores and their class grade equivalents are quite different. At the top of the ACT scale, a 36 and a 28 are 8 points apart, yet, after the conversion, they all map to an A+. That's not a typo; both a 36 and a 28 are equivalent to an A+. Why is this true? It's due to the fact that classes often don't do a great job of differentiating between great students andtruly stand-out ones. In a hypothetical class of 20 students, you might have two people earn an A+. That may seem like a small number at first, however; if that same class represented all the students in the US, only two would score a 28 or above on the ACT. This is one of the reasons the ACT is very useful to colleges, particularly highly selective colleges, because it distinguishes between great students and the very best. Another thing to note is that both class grades and ACT scores do a good job of resolving middle-of-the-pack students.Ifyou go from an ACT score of 13 to a 22 just a range of 9 that's equivalent togoing from a straight D to an A-. For students who are about average in their class or a bit below, both ACT scores and class grades have solidresolution. You may also have noted that neither ACT scores nor class grades begin at zero. Why not? Think about what you know about grading patterns and scores you and your classmates have received. When did you last hear of someone getting a 10 out of 100 as their final class grade? Failing grades are given out less than 4% of the time for class grades. Similarly, when did you last hear of someone getting less than a 10 on the ACT? Neither case is common. Even though, technically, the lowest ACT score is a 1, less than 1% of people taking the ACT get lower than a 10.Therefore, it's more realistic tothink of the ACT as starting from 13, not 1. Can You Really Convert ACT Scores to Class Grades? Yes, it's completely possible to convert ACT scores to class grades; however, it's not an exact science, and there are a few things you should be aware of. First, remember that ACTsand your school classes don't testthe same thing. The ACT is a multiple-choice exam takenin one sitting. Classes, on the other hand, require hours of learning and schoolwork over a long period of time. Additionally, you take the ACT alone, but in your classes you work with teachers and classmates every day. Because the two measure very different things, getting a B- in a class does NOT automatically equala 17 on the ACT, and vice versa. Additionally, class grades aren't as rigorous as the ACT. If you got an A- in a class, would you consider that a good grade? If half the class got an A or an A+, then your A- would be considered a bad grade. Conversely, if you were the only person to get an A in that class all year, that A- would be a great grade. Therefore, you shouldn't view the conversion too rigidly. However, those notes aside, you're correct if you think about the table as "lining up," say, different varieties of races at a track meet. For example, you can't compare someone's performance in the 100-meter dash with a marathoner, but you could say that someone who completed the 100-meter dash in 10 seconds was at an Olympic level, while 2 hours 10 minutes would also be considered an Olympic level marathon time. What’s Next? Not sure what ACT score you should be aiming for? Read this guide to figure out your target ACT score. Want to begin or continue prepping for the ACT? We have a guide that explains every single question type on the ACTso that you're completely prepared for the test! Looking for an easy way to boost your ACT score? Learn aboutthe most common mistakes students make when guessing on the ACTand how you can avoid them. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

A Day in the Sleep Clinic CS4 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Day in the Sleep Clinic CS4 - Case Study Example Clearly, perception is can be negative or positive, and the most positive it is then, the more efficiently a crisis can be averted. Dr. Williams had a negative attitude towards his clients whose children ended up not getting help. The most likely outcome is that the children will be taken back home, and their conditions will also worsen. People who view things at an optimistic angle can make sound decisions and be able to communicate with any person in a more effective way (Jones, 2012). If Dr. Williams was more positive and be patient with his clients then the children could have gotten the correct medication. Negative attitude brings negative emotions that are possible to avoid. The culture, ethnicity, race, and socioeconomic status have contributed to health illiteracy. Many individuals from these backgrounds do not can acquire process and comprehend basic health information (Hayward & Miles, 2000). Language barrier, for instance, sometimes leads to insufficient healthcare services because patients do not understand the doctors. It is easy to find that people from the minority races and ethnic groups are hospitalized due to limited literacy on healthcare. Health care disparities are making it difficult for patients to navigate and get medical attention. Ethnic and racial minorities also receive less medical care because sometimes they do not believe in any therapy provided by doctors. It is cultural beliefs that make some people use primitive measures to cure diseases affecting them. Research shows that Hispanic, African American and Asian patients have less trust in their physicians because they practice culture biomedicine that is difficult to relate wit h the practice of medicine (Kingston &Nickens, 2001). Socioeconomic status especially income and education levels affect health care system. Thus, people with low income are likely to have poor healthcare treatment. There are various

Wal Mart Corporation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wal Mart Corporation - Case Study Example The first Wal-Mart store was opened in 1962, known as the Wal-Mart Discount City. Within five years twenty four more outlets were opened in the state of Arkansas touching $12.6 million in turnover. The company forayed outside the state of Arkansas for the first time in 1968 with the launch of its stores in Sikeston, Missouri and Clairemore in Oklahoma. By 1975, the company had established it's presence in most part of country, with 125 stores across different states, with a sales turnover of $340.3 million and 7500 employees. 1(Wikipedia) The company is now one of the world's top retailers. Mainly driving its growth were its diversification strategies(Wal-Mart Super centers and Neighborhood Markets),international operations and membership warehouse clubs(Sam's Club).As of June 30th 2007,the Company had a network of 1,039 Wal-Mart discount stores,2,337 Supercentres,585 Sam's Clubs and 121 Neighborhood Markets in the United States-a total of 4,082 outlets. The Company's global operations include-15 units in Argentinia,298 units in Brazil,290 units in Canada, a presence of 83 Wal-Mart units and101 Trust-Mart units in China.

Grid Iron Gang Essay Example for Free

Grid Iron Gang Essay 1. Clearly identify the movie watched. The movie I decided to watch for this project was Gridiron Gang. 2. What stereotypes or assumptions are made about the ethnic or cultural group? That they are criminals might be juvenile delinquents, uneducated, thugs or gang members and that they are trouble makers. 3. What is/are the identified issues of one of the many characteristics? Discuss at least two. Roger weathers was one of the main characters that the movie started out with. One issue was that he had to much time to be on the streets. Obviously he did because the movie started out with him being in the juvenile detention center. With all this time it allowed him to be out wondering the streets committing crime but also mix with the wrong people. The second issue was that he was a known gang member. Once he was released, he went right back to that same lifestyle and ran into some friends that were in trouble and he got killed. 4. Discuss at least one theory of delinquency and how it might apply to one or more of the characters in the film? In the book there are psychological theories. Psychoanalytic approach is a theory is composed as a structure with three parts, the id, ego and super ego. The id is the part of one’s personality that is comprised of unconscious biological and psychological desires and instincts. The ego is the part of one’s personality that represents the identity of the actual behavior. Finally, the superego is the part of one’s personality that represents the conscience and moral character of the individual. If the id is stronger than the superego, delinquency is more likely to occur. I think that this theory applies to Kenny bates in the film because he stole a car. I don’t think he needed the car, he just wanted it. Also I think it applies to bug wendal because he robbed an old woman for her money. 5. What are some of the risk and protective factors you can identify for one or more of the characters in the film? For Roger weathers some risk factors I could come up with are: low involvement in the four key areas, gun possession, chronic truancy, police trouble and gang membership. I could not think of any protective factors for him. For Willie weathers some risk factors I came up with were: low involvement in the four key areas, violence and aggression, gun possession and gang membership. I could not think of any protective factors for him as well. I couldn’t think of any protective factors for either of the characters because we get to see the home life of Willie and it doesn’t seem to be so much of a happy home. The mother seems to get beaten by her boyfriend and Willie seems as if he has all the free time to run around in a not so good neighborhood. As for roger, I’m just guessing it’s the same lifestyle for him since he also participated in a gang and in criminal activity. 6. Did the movie give you hope or inspiration? Or did you feel sad and depressed? Why and how? The movie gave me hope and inspiration. I felt good about the outcome of it. It ended happy and the juveniles all played the football game with all their heart. It’s because in the beginning they didn’t seem to work well together, getting in fights and not playing as a team. Throughout the movie they kept getting closer and closer and playing better together and when they really needed to they pulled it through in the end and won that game. It made me look at them different even though they it’s not real life.. The stragedies and whole thought of the delinquents coming together and accomplishing something they all wanted in custody, was a wonderful thing.

Wireless Speech Recognition -- Essays Papers

Wireless Speech Recognition Introduction In today's ever changing world, full of technology, there are many advances being made in the world of computing. This can be seen a great deal in the area of speech recognition. Machines, computers specifically, are interacting more and more with humans and these interactions can now be driven by human speech. For this technology to be used at its highest potential it will have to be affordable and accessible to all people in all types of machines. This technology will be seen from handheld computers and personal computers to lighting systems and refrigerators in your home(Deroult). This transformation is already occurring as speech recognition technology is making its way into our society in things such as cell phones, luxury cars, and computers. We will see more and more of this in our society until the technology has worked its way completely into our society and is common in many homes and offices. History of Speech Recognition The technology of speech recognition has come a long way and it is filled with many unsuccessful attempts at translating the human voice into something that a machine can understand, translate, and execute a command from accordingly. Many of society's views of speech recognition is a robotic, impersonal view, very similar to HAL in the movie 2001 : A Space Odyssey. We are now in the year 2001 and we are way past HAL in the field of speech recognition. The technology has come a long way from being able to detect only monotone, machine like language on an inconsistent basis. Today's technologies train the machine to learn how the user talks, and detect the speed of the user's speech, detect any accent the user may have, and other aspects that make each... ...rs that are not seen by humans. These computers will be everywhere and will fall into the backdrop of society. As they become more and more important and vital they will become less and less obtrusive and will make our lives easier thanks to speech recognition. Bibliography/Works Cited http://www.zdnet.co.uk/pcmag/supp/1998/speech/ Guide to Speech Recognition, PC Magazine. http://www.advisor.com/Articles.nsf/ID/OA000107.DERO01 The Future of Speech Recognition, Deroult, Anne-Marie. http://www.netbytel.com/literature/e-gram/technical3.htm History of Speech Recognition, NetByTel e-gram Bates, Regis J.. (2000). Voice and Data Communications Handbook. McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y.. Hapgood, Fred. (2001) Speech interfaces are ready to listen. CIO Lamont, Ian (June 6, 2001) Speech recognition technology will hear you now Network World (June, 2001), pp34-40

Solving Proportions

A comparison of two numbers is referred to as a ratio, similar to fractions that can be reduced to lowest terms and then converted into a ratio of integers. Ratios allow one to compare sizes of two quantities and unit measurements. Any statement expressing the equality of two ratios is known as a proportion, which is used in numerous formulas in today’s real world settings and applications. Using proportions is an effective way to find solutions by using the extreme means property or cross-multiplying. Extreme means property is simply the end result of the product of the extremes equaling the products of the means.Cross-multiplying is a short cut in proportions providing it is a faster way to solutions rather than multiplying each side of the rational expression equation by the LCD. Applications of rational expressions involving formulas include finding the equation of a line, distance, rate, time, uniform motion, and work problems. Proportions are used on a daily basis withou t even one realizing it by comparing measurements, unit pricing, driving distances, and calculating populations and wildlife on a daily basis to find a solution.For example, I will be using the extreme means property to estimate bear population in Keweenaw Peninsula. I was asked to solve problem #56, on page 437 of Elementary and intermediate algebra, (Dugopolski, M. , 2012) which states, that conservationists captured, tagged, and released 50 bears. Over a one-year period, a random sample of 100 bears included only 2 tagged bears in Keweenaw Peninsula. To calculate the proportion, it will allow me to expect the ratio of bears that were originally tagged to the whole population is equal to the ratio of the returning bears totaling 100 but only 2 tagged bears to the size of the sample.The variable â€Å"b† for bears is applied, then followed by cross-multiplying the extremes and means to the proper set up of the proportion to find the solution. The two ratios are as follows: 5 0/b = the originally tagged bears to the whole population and 2/100 = the recaptured bears to the sample size. The means are 2 and b and the extremes are 50 and 100. 50 = 2 b 100Correct setup of proportion. 5,000 = 2b cross multiply the means (2*b) and the extremes (50*100) 2 2followed by division of 2. 2,500 Answer after division was carried out.x = 2, 500 The estimated number of bears in Keweenaw Peninsula. Continuing onto the second assignment involving proportions, the following equation must be solved for y. Since there are single fractions (also referred to as ratios) on both sides of the equation, the extreme means property will be used again in this proportion. y – 1 = -3 x + 3 4Written as an equation; solving for y. 4(y – 1) = -3x(x + 3)Cross multiplying was done. 4y – 1 + 4 = -3x +3 +3Distribute 4 on left side and 3 on the right side. y = -3x -3 + 1 Add 1 to both sides.4y = 2x -5Last step, 4 is divided on both sides. 4 4 y = -3 4 Linear equation in the form of y = mx + b and with a slope of -3/4. Taking notice that the slope of -3/4, is the same number as the number on the right hand side of the previous equation. I must continue trying another method but still use the extreme means property and try another method to see if I get a different solution. This may be an extraneous solution that I may come upon considering if the solution does not satisfy the rational expression.y – 1 = -3O riginal equation. x – 3 4 y – 1 = -3 Distribute (x-3) on both sides and multiply. x – 3 4 (x – 3)Cancel out common factors which eliminates denominator on left. y – 1 + 1 = -3x – 3 +1 To isolate y, 1 is added to both sides. Cancel common factors. y = -3 x -1 4Equation complete and simplified. For this equation, I could have multiplied the LCD to both sides, but I found the extreme means property was an efficient shortcut. Cross- multiplying allowed me to eliminate the fractions and have the same endi ng result.We can now consider this an extraneous solution because the number showing as the solution but causes zero (0) in the denominator. As rational expressions can be tricky when there is a variable involved in the denominator so caution must be adhered. The use of proportions is everyday life and real world settings and applications are used without one even realizing it. While proportions can determine a solution whether it be driving distance, estimated population count, unit measuring, gas mileage, or to estimate an average time for a job to be completed, it is a necessary tool that is used in many ways.The ratios that build the proportion can be easily solved by cross- multiplying the extremes and means in a fast and effective way. The wildlife can be assured that their tags will be calculated with an accurate solution for any conservationist inquiring about a certain species. So the next time you find yourself comparing two quantities, deciding the average time for a spec ific job, or determining how many miles you can go on a half of tank of gas on your next road trip, remember you are actually calculating proportions!

George says several times ‘If I was alone I could live so easy’ Do you think he is right? Essay

It was obvious that George and Lennie were great friends as they always stood by each other and were rarely seen apart. However it was not the perfect friendship, as the book clearly establishes. George is often agitated by Lennie’s childish ways and he states that without Lennie’s company he could have a much better life, ‘I could get along so easy and so nice if I didn’t have you on my tail’. George constantly has to look out for Lennie and it’s as if he is responsible for two people. We see this early in the book when George says ‘you gonna be sick like you was last night’. George knows deep down that he doesn’t have to do this for Lennie but he continues to care for him as if he was his child. If George lived alone then he would only have to look out for himself and he would not have to be constantly checking Lennie and sorting his problems out. Lennie has the mind of a kid, therefore forcing George to treat him like one. He has to give in to him lots of times and he finds him self comforting him continuously. For example when Lennie cried about the mouse, George had to promise him a new one to get him to stop. This is probably very tiring for George, but he has to do it otherwise Lennie could do something stupid like harming himself. Lennie continually annoys George by being immature and dumb. George often says ‘Jesus Christ, you’re a crazy bastard’. We can see that Lennie frequently drives him to using the lord’s name in vain. George can not always be a happy and cheery man, as he has to be bossy and constantly worrying about Lennie. It can’t be much fun for George to have to watch his every move 24/7. He scarcely has enough time to look after himself. We see this when he has to warn Lennie to stay away from Curley’s wife ‘Don’t you even take a look at that bitch’. I get the impression that George has not had much experience with women, how could he? What with Lennie always being there behind him. This has resulted in him not having a very good attitude towards women and it is a bad fault in his personality. If George was on his own, he could get to know the opposite sex better and maybe find a girlfriend. He definitely would like one as he says ‘I could live so easy, and maybe have a girl’. The worst thing about George always being with Lennie is the amount of trouble he has to get in because of Lennie’s senseless actions. This was first shown when we hear about the girl from Weed, if it weren’t for Lennie the pair would never have had to leave. The interview with the boss was also very risky and George had to use his quick thinking and cleverness to think up things to cover for Lennie. If he were on his own, he would have had no bother and could basically have just strolled on to that ranch. Although Lennie is good company for George and they are close friends, I think that George would be better off without Lennie. It would be a huge weight off his shoulders and he could get on with his own life. Lennie is not his responsibility, and I’m sure if Lennie had sense he would want his best friend to concentrate on their own dreams and goals instead of waiting on him all the time. Lennie is not the type of company that George needs; he is still lonely deep down.

Free Essays on Lord Of The Rings

Biography of J.R.R. Tolkien A recent poll of British readers revealed Tolkiens â€Å"Lord of the Rings†Ã¢â‚¬  to be their overwhelming choice as the all time favorite book. Tolkiens epic journey has been enjoyed by, young and old readers, than any comparable settle books. Though of stinging criticism of our cultural decadence, this is also a tribute to something morally and religiously pure in Tolkiens work. John Ronald Reuel Tolkein was born in South Africa in 1892. Tolkien is actually a Dutch name but his parents were partly Dutch. Tolkiens dad like many other young English men migrated to the British colony. But Tolkien’s mother was unhappy living so far away from home and in such circumstances. She had returned to England to give birth to her second son, Hilary, when Ronald was only three. Their father contracted yellow fever and before his wife, Mabel, could return to Africa to care for him, he died. Therefore she was left a widow Faced with the task of raising two young sons of her own. Mrs.Tolkien returned to Birmingham to undertake take task of renting a cheap cottage on the edge of the ugly industrial city in a village called Sarehole Mill. Tolkien and his family were vacationing on the beach in corn well when they met on the who was known for swapping gossip and giving advice and issuing forth with wisdom. They named him Gamgee and he now is part of the familys lore. Mable Suffield Tolkien was skilled in penmanship and knew Latin Greek and French.She taght both disciplines to her sons, so that young Ronald can read and write proficiently before she was four .She sought about all to give her son a catholic upbringing at great personal cost and she relocated herself next door to Birmingham Oratory, a large catholic retreated house located in a suburb Edgbaston. Tolkien’s daugher Priscilla assured him when he visited in her Oxford home during June of 1988, that is rigorously religious upbringing turned her father into... Free Essays on Lord Of The Rings Free Essays on Lord Of The Rings J.R.R. Tolkien is demonstrating effective ways for ordinary citizens in our world today to accomplish goals that almost seem impossible. By greatly emphasizing the importance of teamwork, individual strengths, and the will power to overcome setbacks, Tolkien is expressing to his readers what we must do to stand up to terrorism and continue being the leader in world affairs. The Fellowship understands the power of the ring and realize they have to work together as a team to bring the ring back to Mordor to get it destroyed. Since no single person is strong or smart enough to bring the ring back to Mordor on their own, a team is essential. A team is important for this mission because if one member of the team can no longer perform his role, the rest of the team can still go on. For example, the great warrior Boromir was killed, but the Fellowship could still rely on Aragorn, Legolas, and Gimli to protect them on their journey. The same concept applies today; the United States cannot destroy terrorism in the world on our own. We have to get other countries to help fight with us. From President Bush’s persuasion, Great Britain sent troops and supplies to Iraq. France is providing money to help reconstruct Afghanistan, and less powerful countries like Morocco, Indonesia, and the Philippines have vowed to choke off terrorist financing. As the United States fights terrorism now, our supporters continue to grow as they see the triumph of good over evil. Each member of the Fellowship has their own individual strength that they contribute to the team in order to make it successful. The Fellowship realizes each others weaknesses and rely on each others strengths to reach a common goal. Frodo was allowed to actually hold the ring because the Fellowship realized that Hobbits are not seeking power and glory but that they desire a peaceful life back at their home, the shire. A Hobbit’s strength is its humbleness and their desire fo... Free Essays on Lord Of The Rings Fellowship of Rings The Fellowship of the Ring (the lord of the rings part I) -CHARACTERS- Frodo Baggins - The main , a hobbit of exceptional character. He inherits the Ring from Bilbo and thus becomes the Ringbearer of the Fellowship. He is also an Elf-friend, knowledgeable in their language and a lover of their songs. Like Bilbo (or any other good hobbit) he loves good food and simple comforts, but he also has a strange, higher quality about him. Sauron (also known as the Dark Lord) - The main . A servant of Morgoth (the Great Enemy), he took his master's place after the First Age. At the time of The Fellowship of the Ring, he has reestablished himself in Mordor and is preparing to launch a war on the West. He greatly desires the One Ring, which he created long ago and which holds a great part of his power. Gandalf - One of the five great wizards in Middle-Earth, second in his order only to Saruman. Known to the hobbits only as a creator of fine fireworks, he is actually powerful beyond their imagination. His great task is the War of the Ring, and he is essential in keeping the Ring out of 's hands; but he falls in Moria, before his time. Until then he is the leader of the Fellowship. Aragorn (also known as Strider) - The heir of Isildur, one of the few Men left on Middle-Earth from the great race of Numenor. Before the coming of the Ring he lives as a Ranger in the North, protecting the Shire and other lands from servants of the Enemy. The War of the Ring is his destined time to come forth from obscurity. He leads the Fellowship after 's fall. Sam Gamgee - Friend and gardener of . Although he is not the brightest of hobbits, he sees some things that the truly wise overlook. Most importantly, he is a stubborn and valuable companion and friend to Frodo. He is a member of the Fellowship. Elrond Halfelven - The Master of Rivendell, the Last Homely House. He is descended from a Man and an Elfthus "Ha... Free Essays on Lord Of The Rings Biography of J.R.R. Tolkien A recent poll of British readers revealed Tolkiens â€Å"Lord of the Rings†Ã¢â‚¬  to be their overwhelming choice as the all time favorite book. Tolkiens epic journey has been enjoyed by, young and old readers, than any comparable settle books. Though of stinging criticism of our cultural decadence, this is also a tribute to something morally and religiously pure in Tolkiens work. John Ronald Reuel Tolkein was born in South Africa in 1892. Tolkien is actually a Dutch name but his parents were partly Dutch. Tolkiens dad like many other young English men migrated to the British colony. But Tolkien’s mother was unhappy living so far away from home and in such circumstances. She had returned to England to give birth to her second son, Hilary, when Ronald was only three. Their father contracted yellow fever and before his wife, Mabel, could return to Africa to care for him, he died. Therefore she was left a widow Faced with the task of raising two young sons of her own. Mrs.Tolkien returned to Birmingham to undertake take task of renting a cheap cottage on the edge of the ugly industrial city in a village called Sarehole Mill. Tolkien and his family were vacationing on the beach in corn well when they met on the who was known for swapping gossip and giving advice and issuing forth with wisdom. They named him Gamgee and he now is part of the familys lore. Mable Suffield Tolkien was skilled in penmanship and knew Latin Greek and French.She taght both disciplines to her sons, so that young Ronald can read and write proficiently before she was four .She sought about all to give her son a catholic upbringing at great personal cost and she relocated herself next door to Birmingham Oratory, a large catholic retreated house located in a suburb Edgbaston. Tolkien’s daugher Priscilla assured him when he visited in her Oxford home during June of 1988, that is rigorously religious upbringing turned her father into...

Benito Mussolini And Adolf Hitler

Benito Mussolini And Adolf Hitler Throughout history, many leaders have impacted their countries and the world around them. Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini are two brutal yet significant leaders who came to power in their nations during a time of inflation, depression, and devastation. They both gained their power similarly and improved their country’s conditions after the devastation of World War I. During their rule they ruined many people’s lives and negatively impacted other countries. Hitler and Mussolini benefited their county’s economy. These leaders used totalitarian regimes as a way to gain order and control. Despite their many similarities, they also have many differences such as their very different principles. Hitler’s principle was based on the racial superiority of the Arian race. Mussolini empathized nationalism based on remembering Rome’s glory. Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini had many similarities and differences; however their role in history impacted their co untry and World War II both negatively and positively. There are many similarities between Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini. Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy were unhappy with the outcome of World War I. â€Å"Italians are showing great sympathy for the Hitler government in Germany. They consider the Treaty of Versailles cheated them of the fruit of victory (New York Times, 1933).† Germany and Italy had serious social and economic problems caused by the outcome of World War I. Hitler promised to end reparations, and create jobs through the creation of public works programs. It employed people by having them, build highways and housing. Mussolini promised a strong and stable government. Hitler and Mussolini had a totalitarian style in which they ruled their countries. A totalitarian government is regulated with only one leader that makes all the decisions for the entire country and regulates every aspect of a citizen’s life. Hitler and Mussolini both used this form of go vernment to help their counties Germany and Italy out of a deep economic depression after the devastation of World War I. Hitler and Mussolini became allies during the axis pact. They formed forces before gaining their power. Hitler formed the Nazi party. The Nazi Party stands for the Nationalists Socialist German workers party. The Nazi party supported violent racial nationalism and anti Semitism. Mussolini formed the black shirts. They chose violence over the democratic process. The black shirts used violence, censorship, and extreme propaganda. â€Å"Propaganda must not serve the truth, especially as it might bring out something favorable for the opponent (Hitler, 582).† Hitler explained that, â€Å"All propaganda must be popular and its intellectual level must be adjusted to the most limited intelligence among those it is addressed to. Consequently, the greater the mass it is intended to reach, the lower its purely intellectual level will have to be (Hitler, 583).† They both were anti- communist. Hitler and Mussolini used terror and force to gain more power. â€Å"The one means that wins the easiest victory over reason: terror and force (Hitler, 600). They both had scapegoats. Hitler blamed the Jewish for everything, especially for the loss of World War I. Mussolini blamed anyone that went against him. They formed alliances with each other before the start of World War II. Hitler and Mussolini both were talented speakers helping them gain support of the people.

Capital Mrket Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Capital Mrket - Assignment Example It is arguably better if RBAs maintain the cash rate as compared to the federal government simply setting the cash rate. One of the reasons why it would be better if the RBAs are allowed to maintain the cash rate is because they are better in responding to pressures in their money markets. This is because of the Australian flexibility in frameworks for operating open markets within the country. The bank is therefore best suited to respond to pressures within the market more promptly and seamlessly with minimal alterations within the operating framework. RBAs method of trading in the money market to maintain the cash rate is again better than if the federal government simply set the cash rate because banks carry out their open market operations everyday. This ensures offset of smooth flows between the government and the private banking system. It also ensures that there are enough funds to operate within the market and adequate cash rate to maintain target. This, the bank operates by predominantly employing (repos) repurchase agreements, in which it buys a security with the agreement that it would sell bank in future at an agreed price (Felmingham 1995, p. 114). Unlike the federal government, the bank in this case can, and has been able to operate at a deal of a variety of terms and discriminatorily against a range of collateral classes. The official cash rate is a term that is used in both New Zealand and Australia for the bank rate to refer to the interest rate that is charged by the central bank to commercial banks on overnight loans. This gives the Reserve Bank of Australia the ability to adjust to the interest rates of the country’s economy. An additional advantage of the RBAs maintaining cash rate over the government setting cash rate is that the bank, unlike the federal government, can settle all interactions within banks immediately. The bank is

Critically discuss some of the hermeneutical principles that are used Essay

Critically discuss some of the hermeneutical principles that are used to interpret the Bible from a liberationist perspective - Essay Example as written by human authors in the words of God under the ‘inspiration’ of the Holy Spirit.4 Thus, the church regarded the Bible a sacred writing – the Holy Scripture, â€Å"a pillar of stone†5 from which all its teachings are derived. However, different interpretations of the Bible abound, subjecting it to controversy that penetrates through its infallibility, the godliness of God, and the correctness of the doctrines of the church, sowing division in Christian faith rather than unification, spreading confusion rather than understanding. Although on positive note, it also expounds and deepens the believer’s understanding of the Bible and his/her relationship with his Creator. Yet, against these various hermeneutics, it should be considered that the Bible or the Holy Scripture could not just be interpreted in any which way one wish, because it is God’s words whose doctrines must be grasped by objectively studying its texts,6 as these used figurative languages in a time unique in itself, yet universal in influence. Moreover, as the Bible is the story of God’s profound love to humankind, â€Å"the authority of the Bible should be understood in the context of God’s relationships to all Go d’s people(s) -- the church and the world.†7 In this way, the Bible could offer a way as to how the present people’s sufferings could be overcome through a life of faith and social commitment.8 Thus, liberationist biblical critics propose that biblical hermeneutic has to accentuate three issues of utmost importance: â€Å"the demythologisation of the biblical authority, the demystification of the use of the Bible, and the construction of new models of interpretation of the Bible.†9 Firstly, to demythologise the biblical authority is to investigate â€Å"the world of text†10, as to how the existing socio-politico-economic and cultural power-dynamics in the ancient imperial worlds ruled by the colonial empires of Assyria, Babylonia, Persia, Greece and Rome immensely

British History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

British History - Essay Example The Seven Years’ War forced Britain to change its colonial policies in ways that helped drive the colonists to revolution. For the British, part of the significance of the Seven Years’ War is Britain’s emergence as the uncontested imperial leader in the New World. France and Britain had dueled for years as their empires expanded and collided. Armed conflict had been intermittent for decades. France gave its best effort against the might of the British, winning many battles and adopting successful alliances with Native American fighters, who offered support on the field and tutelage in woodland fighting techniques.1 When William Pitt reignited the British army, he also persuaded the Iroquois to ally with him and reduced the French advantage. The British whittled away at the French, then struck a terrific blow at the Plains of Abraham in Quebec in 1759, surprising the French and winning a short but awful battle. The French army would need years to heal after subsequent beatings on the battlefield left Britain victorious.2 Now, Great Britain had additional duties as a colonizer. As a result of the Treaty of Paris 1763, the French ceded land east of the Mississippi River to Great Britain. With larger land area to administrate, govern, protect, and defend, Britain placed additional strain on an already swollen fiscal budget. It would naturally expect the colonists, as British subjects to pay a proportionately higher amount of taxes to finance the new services.3 Victory in the Seven Years’ War impacted Britain’s attitude about how to treat opponents. It had not started winning the war until William Pitt began to use his bold, energetic, highly confident style to get results. Having sufficiently deposed the French with the heavy hand of its military, it now figured it could do the same to any colonists who were foolish enough to raise arms against

Ancient Civilizations in China: History and Culture

Ancient Civilizations in China: History and Culture Ancient China is Located in Asia. It has the oldest surviving civilization in the world. Most people talk about other civilizations, such as; Egypt, or Rome. Ancient China has a very interesting history. In Ancient China, they had a total of 11 dynasties. No one is sure of when exactly it began, but roughly from 4000-5000 years. The aspects this essay will focus on are education, social classes, and art and architecture. Agriculture in China was is part of social classes, everyone- except the royal families- has jobs to do, and most people are farmers and silk makers, or have any other hard working job. In ancient China, there is lots of different architecture, and they are all based on their history and their rulers. In China the roofs of most buildings, were curved. It was not just because of structural use, but it had a symbolic significance. And by being tiled, it shows as a sign of wealth. And the reason they are curved is because they protected the inhabitants from evil spirits, which were believed to travel in straight lines. In China a buildings roof was normally put up before the walls. It was supported on purlins (horizontal beams) and crossbeams resting on columns rather than on triangular roof tresses. The walls which were made of wooden panels or brick were filled in later and were not load-bearing to any large extent. This system gave Chinese architects freedom to think about different silhouettes for their buildings. Another thing that is created in China, is silk. Silk is made from silk worms. You must unravel, spin and weave their cocoons. You must first take the cocoon of the silk worms, and then connect it to the machine that pulls the silk of the cocoon by a thread. Then once the silk is all off the cocoon (its still wet), they take all the wool together and put it on a curved metal rod, which stretches the wool, also they leave it to dry there. Then they have some people hold all sides of it and stretch it out till it is roughly the size of a single bed. And then they cover it. The more advanced the cocoon is, the thicker the silk is. This could be the job of many farmers. I think ancient Chinas art and architecture is always something to do with their beliefs or rulers. Social classes were very important in ancient China, The Chinese believed that strict social groups and people should behave according to their social position.  This belief that strict social groups and people should behave according to their social position, was proven by Confucius, a Chinese philosopher. Under the emperor, there were four social classes in China. The four classes were nobles officials, peasants, artisans and merchants.   The emperor and his family were the top class in China. Emperors believed that they were chosen by heaven and therefore didnt need to obey humans. An emperor expected his subjects to be loyal and obedient. The noble class in ancient China was very privileged. Nobles were usually the extended family of the emperor and empress and those people that excelled in their fields, mostly in the military. The status of nobles, however, changed often depending on who gained or fell out of favor with the emperor. When a new emperor came to power, it was common for him to favor a new set of nobles. They often became land owners so they could collect taxes from the people who lived on their land, which made them richer. If the nobles gave some of their income to the emperor, they would receive privileges and were afforded some protection in return. If nobles committed a crime that would result in them being sentenced to death, the emperor could grant them a special favor that would allow them to commit suicide, which they considered a much more honorable death. Officials were another group that had high social status in ancient China. Boys whose families could afford to send them to school began their education at an early age to become officials and were prepared to pass a difficult exam. If they didnt pass, they were usually still able to find jobs since they were considered well educated. Officials were arranged in ranks. The two most senior officials acted as advisers to the emperor. Most officials lived very comfortably and were well-respected because of their position and education. Peasants Even though peasant farmers in ancient China were one of the lowest social classes, they were still considered important because they produced the food for the rest of the society. Most peasants were very poor and led simple lives. They worked very hard and hardly ever had a day off. Peasant men worked in the fields and had to tolerate harsh conditions. They worked through the burning heat of summer and the extreme cold of winter. The harsh conditions could also spoil their crops and land, which has consumed most of their time. If the crops were spoilt, poor families had very little to survive on during the winter. If women wove and sewed cloth, they could help provide clothes for their families and they could sell any excess items to earn more money. Even the poorest peasants had to pay taxes, even if their crops were not successful. This left many families, during the winter months, with little to eat.   Artisans were part of the normal class and included painters, carpenters, potters and jewelry makers. Artisans made more than farmers but less than the merchants. They didnt have a good social status but they were respected for their skills. Metalworkers became very important during the Han period. Metalworkers produced weapons and many useful everyday objects, like cooking pots. Weavers worked with silk, which was very valuable. The merchant class included traders, animal breeders and money loaners. Merchants were thought of as the lowest social class in ancient China. Even though they have a low social status, some merchants became very rich and lived in luxury. .During the Han dynasty, some merchants became so rich that they might have been a threat to the emperor and the nobles. The richest merchants attained their wealth by investing money in land and properties. Several merchants, though, were not as wealthy. In order to limit their wealth, merchants had certain restrictions placed on them. Such restrictions included paying heavy taxes and being sent away to join the army. Slaves had existed in ancient China, but they made a very small percentage of the population. Some slaves were relatives of criminals while other sold themselves or their children as slaves if they were very poor. Ancient China appears to be very serious about social classes. In fact, I think everybodys lives ruled around their class. Most of the children in ancient China never got a chance to go to school at all. They had to work hard in the fields, feeding the  animals, weeding the vegetables, planting  rice, or taking care of their  little brothers or sisters. But if you were a boy, and your father could have spared you from the fields, he would send you to school. Beginning in the  Han Dynasty, many schools used to be free, and the emperor paid for their fees. If there were no schools in your village, you might have had to go live with relatives or with strangers in another bigger town. Boys would normally start school when they were six years old. Primary schools were very small, and only had one teacher for the whole school. There was one chair for the teacher, but all the boys had to sit on stools. You were supposed to go to school every day, without weekends, from 6:00 in the morning until about 4:00 in the afternoon. They didnt have math lessons, or science. You learned how to  read and write, a nd then you memorized many pages of  Confucian philosophy  and learned how to write essays and poetry, and how to  paint pictures. Then, you stayed at this school until you were sixteen or seventeen, which is when you are ready for the first examinations. Education in China was quite important, since it was what their futures depended on. If they were not educated, they would most likely work at farms, or work for others in a low social state (if they were not rich). When they are educated, it gave the people a chance at having a better life. Maybe they would be assisting the royal families, and not as a slave. They could be advisors, or maybe even teachers. I think they needed education quite a lot, in order to be anything big in life. I think ancient China is very interesting and complicated. I think the past was quite hard as it seems most people, if they are not rich or dont have any royal relations, dont get any special treatment, in fact, they barely get and good treatment at all. They had seemed to have lead interesting lives and have various beliefs. Their civilization lasted for a very long time, and they have a very developed society ever since it had started. Bibliography Allan, Tony.  Ancient China. New York: Chelsea House, 2007. Print. Allison, Amy.  Life in Ancient China. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 2001. Print. Ancient China Social Classes.  Translation Services | Interpreters | Intercultural Communication | Cross Cultural Training. Web. 17 May 2010. . Chinese Roofs.  Oracle ThinkQuest Library. Web. 4 May 2010. . Eyewitness Travel Guide China.  Dk Pub, 2010. Print. History of Education in China.  Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 16 May 2010. . History of Silk.  Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 22 Apr. 2010. . Http://homepage.mac.com/zichi/.Pictures/blogger2/silk-worms.jpg Http://seaholmeps.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/chinese-architecture.jpg Http://www.cntravel.biz/China/ancient-China/confucius.gif Http://www.kavehfarrokh.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/terracota-army.jpg http://www.skwirk.com.au/p-c_s-14_u-173_t-471_c-1707/social-hierarchy/nsw/history/ancient-societiesChina/ancient-China:-part-i Shang Chou (Zhou) Dynasties Ancient China for Kids.  Ancient China for Kids Main Index. Web. 2 May 2010. . Ten Laments Technology and Education in Ancient China.  Logoi.com An Educational Site about Cultures, Languages and History. Web. 17 May 2010. .