Progressive Reformers

10/08/12 Progressive Reformers The Progressive movement has had a tremendous impact on society and preserving the doctrine of a democratic nation. The Progressive Era, which initiated between the years 1890 through 1920, was instituted because progressives who wanted to rid politics of corruption and inefficiency. Progressives wanted to curtail the power of the business trusts, and protect the general welfare of the public. The Progressive name derived from forward-thinking or â€Å"progressive† goals that its supporters sought to advance.John Dewey, who is known as the father of Progressive education, has been most influential in Educational Progressivism. His vision for schools tied to a larger vision, leading towards a good society. His focus on education was on teaching the â€Å"whole child†. This learning extended beyond the subject matter and the attention was on the needs and interest of the child. I like to look at this as a form of nature vs. nurturing. Progre ssivism and Pragmatism are similar in its aims.They both contained the same educational aims, needs and interest, in educating the whole child. Pragmatic philosophers, such as Rousseau, looked at the correlation of education and politics. Progressivism, as I interpret it, was more of a movement. This movement formulated interest groups, like unions, which seek interest around the progressive philosophy. These interest groups protected the needs of the people. Organizations such as American Federation of Teachers began in 1916, during the time of the Progressive Era.Interest groups like American Federation of Labor, founded in 1881, focused on skilled workers (such as painters and electricians) and Congress of Industrial Organizations (early 1930s) advocating the organization of workers in the basic mass-production industries (such as steel, auto, and rubber). A lot of the people, on the frontline, in this progressive movement were women, farmers, and African American. This movement made a profound impact on education. In a publication of Progressive Education, George Counts wrote an article which focuses attention upon the child.He states that â€Å"progressive education has recognized the fundamental importance of the interest of the learner; it has defended the thesis that activity lies at the root of all true education; it has conceived learning in terms of life situations and growth of character; it has championed the rights of the child as a free personality†. Child-centered educational practices are shared by progressive educators. The pedagogical method is object teaching. The teacher begins with an object related to the child's world in order to initiate the child into the world of the educator. The focus is on thinking and doing.Problem-solving skills are required to overcome obstacles between a given and desired set of circumstances. Education is not simply a means to a future life, but instead it represents a life to the fullest. Progressive educators view existing schools as being formal, not focusing on real life situations, and strict. They prefer variety in classroom preparations and informal interaction between the teacher and their student. Progressives prefer schools teach useful subjects (including occupations) and emphasize â€Å"learning by doing† rather than instruction purely from textbooks. This brought about schools such as trade and vocational schools.The student was placed at the center of thinking, â€Å"teach the child not the subject. † John Dewey’s model of learning is to: become aware of the problem, define the problem, propose hypotheses to solve, evaluate the consequences of the hypotheses from one's past experience, and test the most likely solution. Progressive like Dewey felt that children, if taught to understand the relationship between thinking and doing, they would be fully equipped for active participation in a democratic society. The educational program depended on cl ose student – teacher interactions that required altering of traditional subject matter.

Barilla Spa (A) Case Study Essay

Executive Summary Sales representatives at the Barilla SpA, world’s largest pasta producer, are seeing customers changing due to long re-order lead-time and frequent stock-outs. Even with a high inventory levels, Barilla is still not able to cope with the fluctuating demand. The fluctuation in demand is seen as the bullwhip effect that is caused by sales strategies that have been put into place that is very product focused. This causes excessive demand from week to week depending on the product that the promotion or incentive is been aimed towards. There is also a lack of data sharing and poor communication throughout the whole supply chain which does not bring visibility for production forecast. With the Just-in-Time Distribution (JITD) that was brought in from the logistics manager, neither internally nor externally is supporting the new system. With the lack of understanding of the new system and the positive results it will bring, it will be hard to convince buy-ins from different angles. The initiative should be tested first from Barilla’s own facilities and prove out the methods and be able to visualize the improvements to the rest of its supply chain. During the implementation and test phase, there should be dedicated teams which monitor the data and metrics coming from the new system. Daily meetings should be held to discuss issues and resolve them as quickly as possible. As inventory levels drop, issues with the distribution system will arise which provides a priority of issues to resolve. Once the system has been proven, the results will be the biggest selling points to have the implementation through the whole supply chain and for everyone to understand its benefits. Issues Identification Barilla is experiencing issues to meet their fluctuating demand from the distribution centers even when carrying additional inventory throughout the supply chain. Brando Vitali has came with a proposal of a Just-in-time Distribution (JITD) but neither the sales team in Barilla or the buyers at the distribution centers are agreeing with the approach. At the same time, these teams are already noticing that our customers are leaving due to the lack of servicing we are able to provide. Distribution centers were asked to carry more inventories to prevent occurrences of stock outs but the suggestion was not accepted. In return, they issued a complaint regarding the number of SKUs Barilla has which makes it impossible to manage and the long manufacturing lead-time due to the tight heat and humidity specifications. Environmental and Root Cause Analysis Fluctuating Demand: The fluctuation in demand is caused by a combination of reasons. The trade promotions and volume discounts that Barilla uses as sales strategies are one of the biggest influences. There were also no limits to the quantities that the distributors are allowed to order per each â€Å"canvass† period. The incentive program for Barilla’s sales representatives is also causing inconsistency to the demand; they would be pushing for the SKU’s that would bring them a higher incentive. Barilla is also experience a growth in their export market; it was expected to reach 20-25% per year. With this increasing growth, Barilla does not have any sophisticated forecasting technique that would prepare them to meet the demand. There is a minimal visibility for Barilla to see where the volatility is in the demand is coming from. This is creating the Bullwhip Effect throughout their whole supply chain. The poor communication and cooperation between retailers, distribution centers and manufacturer is the reason that they all are maintaining higher inventory than required. Resistance to Changes: There were many resistances to this new initiative when it was being brought up internally and externally. When there is a lack of understanding of the results that a new initiative will bring, there will always be resistance to change. Sales team fears that that they would see a reduction of responsibilities and distribution centers were defensive when they misinterpret the approach as saying they don’t know what they are doing. Alternative and/or Options Alternative #1 – Continue to promote the Just-in-time Distribution (JITD) initiative To be able to eliminate the Bullwhip Effect, there must be an increase in visibility through the whole supply chain. With better communication and an understanding and trust between vendors, it will eliminate the volatility in demand. This will improve the service levels from distributors to retailers and at the same time reduce the inventory carrying cost. With the visibility, it will better Barilla to forecast their demand and improve their production planning process. While achieving this, it will reduce their manufacturing cost and their inventory cycle. Alternative #2 – Eliminate product focus sales strategies Instead of promoting particular products in each canvass period that will cause excessive demand, Barilla should maintain a constant competitive pricing through the year. Barilla should also eliminate their product-focus incentive policy for their sales representative and create incentive programs that will not allow them to focus on a particular SKU. Recommendations and Implementation Barilla should continue to promote the Just-in-Time Distribution initiative. As this is a new concept for the distributors and retailers, Barilla should prove out this initiative at their own facility. With the results, they can then have bigger bargaining power to promote this idea to its whole supply chain. As for anything else to be successful in a company, it is important for top management to be actively involved. Employees need to be aware of the importance of this project in order for it to be successful and for them to understand positive results it will bring to the company. During the implementation, there would be decrease in inventory levels. Before, the inventory levels were used as a buffer to hide the problems that prevents us from working with a lower inventory level. As we decrease the inventory levels, the problems will arise and it will identify for us what issues we need to resolve as a priority. If the problem requires a longer time to resolve, then the inventory levels can be raise to prevent affecting customers from stock-outs. Then the focus would be to resolve the issue and the inventory levels can be lowered again. With this approach, it will help prioritize the issues that need to be address and which ones will help lower our inventory levels. Monitor and Control To monitor the affects of this initiative, there are a few key performance indicators that need to be set-up. Stock Out Rate – This will immediately show the trend with the current system and be able to visualize that JITD will increase service levels. Inventory Levels – Visualize inventory levels at all firms to demonstrate the win-win scenario that this initiative will bring. Re-order Lead-time – To show with the increase communication, it helps for manufacturers to respond faster There should be daily meetings held with the key departments to ensure that the information is communicated in an effective manner. The meeting should be held at the same time in the same form to create a drum-beat system that will create a habit for the stakeholders to inform of any issues that they have encounter and to gather as a group to resolve.

Readers Response to Writing Badly Essay

In his essay, â€Å"The Importance of Writing Badly,† Bruce Ballenger encourages students to write freely and to not worry about finding the â€Å"perfect way of saying it.† I feel by saying this he means to not worry about what you’re writing and it may not necessarily be perfect, but that you write what you are thinking and continue writing even if it’s bad or may not make sense. He means to put all your thoughts down on paper and start from there. Ballenger gives his students permission to write badly. He expresses that â€Å"when the writing stops, so does the thinking.† He also states that he is far more interested in encouraging thinking than error-free sentences and concise, clear writing. Do I agree with Bruce Ballenger? I feel that I absolutely agree with him. If you would have asked me in High School if I agreed, I would have said no. My English teacher in High School was much like the teacher Ballenger describes in this essay as Mrs. Oâ⠂¬â„¢Neill. Every paper we had to write had nothing but red pen marks correcting bad sentences. Or as Ballenger put it â€Å"some high priest of good grammar whose angry scribbling occupied the margins of our papers.† She was much more critical of our grammar and punctuation then what we were writing. This was very discouraging to me and a lot of my fellow classmates. I then became more critical of myself as a writer and how I was writing and not what I was writing. I was paying more attention to other details instead of what I was thinking about writing, which ended up making it very stressful to write. So by the end of my English class, I was fairly decent with grammar. In fact friends and family of mine occasionally have asked me to proof read papers of theirs, and I find myself doing nothing but fixing grammar issues instead of actually reading the paper for the story it is. I agree with Ballenger when he says that clear writing matters and should be demanded, but that it should not be the first thing important when you start writing a paper. You can always go back a nd fix grammar and punctuation issues, but you sometimes may not get your thoughts or ideas back that you were thinking of to be able to express what you wanted to write after lifting the pen from the paper. Before reading the text, just looking at the title I thought this was just going to be about writing bad and not worrying about what you are writing. And really it is, but the text was more than that and made me realize that writing isn’t about how you write; it is more about what you write about. It’s about getting to what you are writing about and the process it takes to get there. More than just writing words down and making sure you use the words correctly. It’s about expressing what you are really thinking about and writing down your thoughts to begin with. I will take Ballenger’s advice because I feel I will have more to say after free writing and brainstorming my topics and by doing that I will have more effective essays. Ballenger ends this es say with â€Å"And what matters in this journey-at least initially-is not what kind of car you’re driving, but where you end up.† I think what Ballenger means by this is that it doesn’t matter how perfect you write. What matters is that you get the ideas you have and the point you are trying to make across in your writing. And in the end having your thoughts down, you will write the paper you are trying to write even if that means that the writing you initially write is not perfect.

Impact of Technology on Sales Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Impact of Technology on Sales - Essay Example W. Pergault. The company spent $20 million upgrading its website but this change did not have a great impact on sales and profitability. Managers are not interested in website and online sales because they "don't earn any commission". On the other hand, customer did not like the new website because of "distracting graphics", "the bells and whistles" (Spiro et al 2004). Resistance comes from the customer since they are not the beneficiary of organizational changes. Some of the reasons for resistance to change are; excessive focus on cost, failure to recognize benefits, lack of organizational synchronization, and individual uncertainty denial and fear of loss. In order to improve the e-commerce plan, Celia Fiorni, the company president, should restructure current compensation system and reward those managers who use the website and sell products through the Internet. Also, Celia Fiorni should encourage and motivate sales representatives to use the Internet and sell products through the Internet. Training programs will help to improve skills and knowledge of employees and reduce resistance to change. Salespeople will accept the new initiative ensured in fair compensation and computer skills. Technology can create new design options for various processes because it can be used to challenge longstanding as assumptions about work arrangements that used to inhibit organizations. Good understanding of end-user needs by system developers is another important factor, as are mechanisms for communication with the business users of the system. Senior management sponsorship and commitment is another success factor, but dependent also on the existence of a champion. Technically, the requirements of the system change to include reliability and its delivery to users in a suitable form. This process of continual selection and rejection of potential projects contrasts strongly with the tendency in many companies towards early formal approval of information technology projects whose costs and benefits are assumed to be certain. The results from the research broadly confirm that the factors identified for technical innovation also apply to information systems projects. For G. W. Pergault, CRM plays a crucial role helping to improve customer service and meet customers' needs and expectations. "G. W. Pergault offers more than 500,000 different products, which can be overwhelming to sort through. Sutton believes that some of his reps may have trouble finding specific products on the website" (Spiro et al 2004). An established information technology infrastructure obviously helps provide a base for delivery as well as making it clearer when new hardware and system software will be needed. Personnel should be connected directly to the concept of CRM, an approach that stresses the importance of developing long-term partnerships with customers. In developing personal and relationship strategies on an international level, the representative is wise to take a step back and understand how CRM strategies will likely fit in the environment. CRM requires an organization to first develop a transformation system that

Gay Men U.S. vs China Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Gay Men U.S. vs China - Research Paper Example In addition, the U S is putting policies in place with prospects of protecting the rights of the gay community. Unlike the US, China has had a dull history regarding its gay community. The subject of homosexuality had been treated as a taboo for a long time in most countries including China. However, the Chinese people are changing their attitude concerning homosexuality. This essay will compare the views of the Chinese and US society in regards to the gay community. In China, Hong Kong is always ahead of the mainland China in terms of information and interactions with the outside world. However, this does not prevent homosexuality from being branded as an illegal behavior in Hong Kong. Until 1991, homosexuality was illegal in Hong Kong. In mainland China, homosexuality was considered both a crime against humanity and a form of mental illness. This indicates that the Chinese gay society was still stigmatized by the community in 1990s. Unlike China, the US has a more liberalized socie ty where people have extreme expectations. the US society acknowledged the existence of Gay community long before the Chinese society acknowledge the gay people are part of every society. In 1997, the Chinese government shot down the hooligan law. This law had been the main source of discrimination against gay society from the Chinese society. Although Chinese people are slowly accepting the existence of gay community in their midst, they are still behind the US community (Lau web). This change can be noted by an increase in the number of self-proclaimed gay communities around the country. China has also recorded an increase in the number of gay people hangouts. There is however, a significant difference between the mainland China and Hong Kong in terms of accepting the existence of the gay community. The existence of special or secluded hangouts for gay people indicates that the Chinese society has not fully accepted the existence of the gay society. Unlike the Chinese society, the US society has high level of tolerance for the gay community. Gay people living in the US are free to mingle and interact with other people who have normal sexual affiliation. However, there are specific joints and hangout that are more popular with the gay society than with the ordinary people. This indicates that the US society has no negative feelings about the gay people. Although the US and China have the biggest economies in the world, the two countries have great variation in terms of access to information and multiculturalism. Most people in United States live in urban areas while China has most of its population living in rural areas. Rural and urban societies have contradicting views towards gay people living in their midst. While people in major cities such as Hong Kong and Beijing have almost accepted the existence and the rights of the gay society, people living in rural areas still live in denial concerning the existence of gay people. A person living in a Chinese vil lage still views homosexuality as mental illness or abnormal behavior. Unlike China, the US society has a homogenous attitude towards the gay community. This indicates that the society has no greatly varying views towards homosexuals and lesbians living in their midst. The main problem that gay people face in any liberalized society is the fact that they are a minority society. This

Research Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Research Paper - Assignment Example The traditional forms of leadership which attributed more significance to goal oriented practices have now been replaced by a relatively more human centric approach that focuses on ethics and the betterment of individuals which include both – employees as well as communities. It is hence imperative for the leaders in present times, to ensure that they lead by example and set proper behavioral norms and ethics for the employees to follow (Skovira & Harman, 2006). People centric forms of leadership such as ethical leadership approaches ensure that organizational structure is given more significance than the accomplishment of goals and management of people is given precedence over productivity. This is because processes and systems can only function effectively if the people who are required to operate and follow them are motivated and effective themselves. It is the employees who contribute in the achievement of goals and hence a highly motivated staff is more likely to help the organizations achieve their goals effectively. Leaders are hence required to play their roles efficiently whereby they motivate their staff by leading through example (Liden, Wayne, Zhao, & Henderson, 2008). Servant leadership is one such approach that centers on ethical leadership and emphasizes on developing and focusing on the employees to enable them to achieve optimum levels of performance and improve their efficiency, through self-motivation techniques thus pavi ng way for developing capable and efficient leaders of the future (Reinke, 2004). As more and more famed organizations continue to bite the dust due to a myriad of controversies surrounding their ethical policies and approach to business, calling into question their credibility and commitment to their stakeholders, the need for more ethical leadership grows stronger than ever before. The fall from grace of the renowned Lehman Brothers’ due to questionable accounting practices controversy in 2010 (Wolff, 2011), to

Network planning for my Logistics class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Network planning for my Logistics class - Essay Example The decisions made on the logistics network are usually framed to act as a trade-off between the fixed costs of a warehouse and the costs of transporting the goods. This means that, if the network has a few warehouses, then there is a reduction of fixed costs although it raises the transportation costs. Adding more warehouses on the network reduces the transportation costs and increasing the fixed costs. There are two different factors which one must consider when designing a network design. The first factor which a logistician must consider most is the distance. Adding more warehouses in a network decreases the number of kilometers travelled because the distance from the supplier to the warehouse and then to the customer is minimized. Moreover, the most expensive part in the logistics is the movement of goods from the warehouse to the end user since the load shipped is always divided into different quantities. The more the warehouses on the design network the fewer the kilometers between the customer and the stores. This paper includes the second factor which is to optimally solve the network design problems whereby there is the inclusion of inventory cost. Ballou (2001) acknowledges the importance of the inventory costs inclusion over the fixed costs of warehousing and also the costs of the transportation. Ballou (2001) also explains that the absence of the inventory costs in network design is caused by the mixed integer in the linear programming, of which is a requirement to have the cost relationships to be linear. Unfortunately, in the real world, the relationships between the inventory and the number of warehouses are not linear. Using the approach of including the inventory costs motivates one to treat the relationship between the inventory and the number of warehouses as a function which is discrete. This is the reason of proposing the model that may be used by different firms through the inclusion of inventory in the

What can we learn from Rosa Parks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What can we learn from Rosa Parks - Essay Example Additionally, there is need for the modern society to understand that the dark past of racism took a lot of effort and time to deal away with. People, therefore, should learn to advocate for equality in the society (Theoharis 46). Rosa Park conformed to the African American model of success through learning, which enlightened her, on what African Americans were going through. She then used this enlightenment to fight for the rights of black people. During this time, most of the African Americans who were fighting for equal rights for all Americans were scholars. Having been brought up in a poor family, Park joined other activists such as Martin Luther King and Rev. Ralph Abernathy to form the Montgomery Improvement Association. When Park was arrested, her fellow activists used this movement to advocate for equal rights to all people in America by planning the Montgomery Bus Boycott. She therefore transformed into the model through her education and activism (Theoharis

SUMMARY OF THE TICKING BOMB Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SUMMARY OF THE TICKING BOMB - Assignment Example Wade further argues that America and the West concentrate much on budgeting on defense that surpasses even such economies like Australia’s having a massive population of 1.3 billion. The population lives on less than a dollar a day (Grabb, Edward & Neil, 11). America supports a culture that neglects community and family, but holds high and celebrates its culture. America has misunderstood that globally, people value their communities since their fate remain attached to the communal destiny. The tragedy of 9/11 rendered America’s culture archaic as Americans had continually distanced themselves from the rest of the world by that, not being aware of what happens beyond their borders. As a result, neglect of others gives rise to terrorism acts led by movements established by people such as Osama bin Laden. Such actions are based on who has and who lacks as the poor can easily be ejected. Wade encourages Americans to give their culture a second thought and develop values that are not questionable to the rest of the world. The development model should not be by people but should reflect the improvement in the people’s standard of living. Americans must realize the value of recognizing their ancestral cultures in case they go to school to eliminate illiteracy among them (Grabb, Edward & Neil, 15). In as much as people should embrace new technologies emanating from images of wealth and comfort, they should not neglect the traditional ways of caring for one another, which contrary comes with disappointments. Additionally, Wade argues that ideologies that are extreme emerge when cultures and people are not entangled Thus, to conclude, strange beliefs that are not

Literature Review on Digital Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Literature Review on Digital Economy - Essay Example Experts report that during the time of introduction of this tool to the world, policymakers explored the possibility of IT making a large impact, but in vain. This failure of IT became reinforced again in the 1990s, when IT began to revolutionize the world economy but again plunged into disaster with the â€Å"dot-bomb† implosion, the 2001 recession, and the NASDAQ collapse. These disasters have led to experts and policymakers forfeit confidence in the concept of IT and digital revolution. Nicholas Carr (2003, pp. 10) evaluated this technological tool by claiming that the improvements that it had the potential to bring about had either already been introduced, or were in the process. This statement represented the prevailing view of IT at that time, as people had started considering it insignificant for individual firms as well as the overall economy. This conclusion was a premature and incorrect one; as the technology went on to completely revolutionize the economy much more than initial prediction. This literature review aims to analyze the reasons behind this faltering confidence during these times. As one can observe in the world today, digital development in the economy is at a level that far exceeds earlier forecasts. However, contrary to predictions, this revolution has not come about due to a rise in e-commerce and other internet-related phenomenon. Instead, the main factor behind this revolution was the way people have managed to adopt IT in almost every aspect of life, inside as well as outside work. This digitally enabled economy was then able to achieve immense growth and prosperity in every aspect: education, business, trade, as well as monetary policy. One large factor behind this accelerated growth was the investment that firms made in software, hardware, as well as services related to IT and communications. It boosted productivity up to five times more than other capital such as buildings and plants could. The large role of IT in this major economic development i s apparent in the fact that sixty-seven percent of total factor productivity growth during the period of 1995 and 2002 was due to IT implementation in the US (Jorgenson et al, 2005). It also boosted the labor productivity in developing nations, and it is considered the main driver behind innovation and productivity growth in the recent years. Despite the major contributions of IT to the economy, not much research has gone into exploring the depths of this contribution. Through this literature review, we attempt to carry out this exploration. More specifically, we will be looking into the contributions of IT in ‘improving the quality of goods and services. A common misconception is that the scope of digital economy is limited to e-commerce. Its actual scope includes all applications of technology in the economy, including that of hardware, applications, and telecommunications. Each of these tools of IT has important applications in areas such as intercompany transactions, data management, internal processes in organizations and vendor-customer relations. These benefits apply to firms regardless of whether they belong to the public sector or the private sector. The revolution to the economy that information technology has brought about is comparable to the revolution that hardened steel brought to the industries a century ago, when it taught them how to construct steel tools that helped boost productivity immensely. Furthermore, it is difficult to grasp the true pervasiveness of IT in the world. It not only exists in technological

Technological developments Essay Example for Free

Technological developments Essay Football boots are light weight and are made of such materials as kangaroo leather. Most top level players have sock-liners which fit with the contours of foot to provide extra comfort and strategically-placed traction blades provide maximum grip. Football boots help with a player grip, acceleration and turning ability. Footballs have had technological advancements such as having air retention system, being high density and having a high abrasion surface which provides extra durability. The match balls played with in the premiership is precision engineered to exact standards to ensure that it is produced to within 3g of its ideal weight and to an exact circumference of 68. 5cm. The benefits of the newer footballs are the increased swerve that the ball offers and a better accuracy of passing. Gloves The latest pair of reusch goalie gloves helps to prevent injury to the goalies hands through reusch Ortho-Tec glove which provides protection for vulnerable areas of the hand. The gloves upper hand is reinforced in a way that the fingers including the thumb are braced against forces occurring during a balls impact. The system not only prevents injuries, it is also suitable to disburden and protect an injury already sustained. Gloves have also been adapted to different weather conditions as well; gloves are made from soft latex foam with excellent properties for use in various weather conditions. Goalie gloves benefit the goalie by mainly by providing extra grip and power. Shirts The material design of footballs shirts have improved to provide better comfort. The new Manchester United kit incorporates Nikes new dri-fit technology. Dri wit wicks sweat away so that the player stays dry and comfortable. It also has strategically placed mesh panels that promote air cooling where heat is most generated. Facility design features and benefits Retractable roof The millennium stadium in Cardiff has a retractable roof which means that the roof can be closed if the weather forecast predicts heavy rain. This benefits the game itself and the fans. It saves the fans from getting soaked and it saves the players having to slosh around in mud. Mostly cup finals are played at the Millennium stadium and the fans wish the game to be viewed on a nice good to firm ground not a wet one. Undersoil heating Is valuable asset and a must for all big football clubs. It can allow a team to play or train on a pitch that the weather would otherwise have made unusable or it can generally soften up the ground for training purposes. Astroturf pitches For training purposes Astroturf is of benefit to players because Astroturf is all weather, meaning that when the players unable to play on their training pitch die to water logging they can go and train on the Astroturf pitch instead. Video Analysis Andy Gray is probably the most renowned broadcast analyst in the football industry. He has a 30 minute slot after most live sky matches in which he practically dissects the game explaining the reasons goals were score and analysing player performance. Racquets Tennis has changed drastically since the huge investment in technological advancements the main one being the racquets. They now look completely different to those of 20 years ago, they are now lighter, and have larger faces and shorter shafts. This has created a larger sweet spot and has encouraged players to increase their power. By increasing power to a phenomenal level the game is often much shorter as the serve can kill a game off. This is mainly because the way in which the rackets have been made. This has made tennis players adjust everything about their game, from positioning, this is now further back for the serve, to two-handed return to try and increase power. The player now trains more on power based activity service technique. Trainers Tennis shoes have changed greatly over the years. Reebok have recently developed the DMX technology. This is a sole that claims to reduce the stress on the legs and heels when running; it does this by shifting the force of the impact across a wider area on the foot. This material is also light and so is easy to run in and can help to improve performance. Another company big among tennis players is New Balance who also have their own suspension system. This consists of various different parts of a sole that all work together to reduce the impact on the foot as well as stability in the way that it reduces rolling of the foot as well as over pronation. New Balance also have a brand, called Abzorb SBS, it has been developed so that when impact with the ground has been made the technology displaces the energy over the whole foot. Asics developed gel technology in their trainers nearly 20 years ago and it is still in their trainers today, the silicon gel attenuates the shock made on impact and works in conjunction with the lateral rear foot flex grooves within the sole to improve comfort. Tennis Balls There are different types of tennis balls depending on what surface the game is played on. Some balls are designed for hardcourt and grass, while others are designed for clay courts. The ball can vary by about 1/8 of an inch in size and 1/16th of an ounce in weight. Its rebound height can vary almost 10%. The stiffness, defined by the deformation under pressure, can vary over 5%. The benefits of the different types of tennis balls are that a player can choose a set of tennis balls depending on his style of play or the type of court he is playing on. Shirts Top players such as Raphael Nadal are sponsored to wear Nikes dri-fit range of shirts. This shirt has all the benefits that I described earlier regarding those in football who dri-fit. Other benefits of the shirts are that they have the seams sewn flat to eliminate chafing. Facility design features and benefits Fast Dry Courts Whats new is that todays courts are being watered from underneath. This changes a lot of things, not the least of which is the way fast dry courts play. The benefit of the fast dry court is that it allows players to play when they would otherwise not be able to. These types of dry court surfaces dont get saturated with water and water is not allowed to seep into the base material. Cyclops Cyclops technology helps tennis umpires by emitting a loud beep when a ball lands outside the service area. This helps the umpire with important decisions that could decide big matches such as Wimbledon or the Davis cup. Hawkeye Hawkeye is being tested at the moment before being used in all 4 majors. It has been used in the Australian open where it helps the umpire to make line calls. The benefits to tennis is that if accurate hawkeye will give us a fair tennis result there will be no more John McEnroes I dont believe it just a fair accurate result. PRM PRM has been developed by IBM to help the players and coaches plan their tactics for the tournament. Vital match data is gathered by courtside experts and fed instantly via powerful IBM servers to coaches and players in formats suited to their specific needs. With this data to hand, they can iron out their game, or use it to find weaknesses in their next opponents, which makes for better games. Compare the benefits of technological developments on equipment and facility design in two contrasting sports

East is East Essay Example for Free

East is East Essay East is East is a play about family life set in Salford at the start of the 1970s. It focuses on the Khan family, specifically the children, who are coming to terms with their identity in a mixed race household dominated by an abusive father. In this assignment, I will explore how the conflicts and tension in the play are dramatically revealed through the use of humor. I will explore Act 1, Scene 1, and Act 2 Scenes 2, 4, and 5. Throughout these scenes I will look at the separate conflicts and tension concerning Abdul, George and Sajit. It is necessary to observe Georges behavior closely as his actions directly impact upon his family, especially his children. His character shows the crossing over of the two cultures. Abduls character shows the clash of the two cultures and how they both try to overcome the other. He is the voice which speaks for the views of the children. Of all the children, Sajits character most strongly embodies the conflicts and struggles of being trapped between two extremely different cultures. His trademark parka appears to symbolize his hidden inner feelings, since it is worn all throughout the play until his emotional breakthrough in Act 2, Scene 5 (further discussed later in this essay). The children of the family are aged between 12 23. Act 1, Scene 1, has an everyday family life theme to it, with the family in a typical atmosphere which they are nearly always in. This act is useful as it helps set the play and introduces the lifestyles of the characters: â€Å"The contrast of cultures should come out in the set dressing, wall paper, oil cloth, Islamic prayer stickers, a coffee table with a picture of the Taj Mahal, a Lazy Susan which is always full of washing. † (Act 1, Scene 1) we are aware of the atmosphere and theme from this which helps set the play. We can see the contrast by having a picture of the Taj Mahal and then a Lazy Susan. A Lazy Susan is heavy slang which can help elucidate the situation. However, when the dialogue starts, we are taken of the description of the set and are faced with a humorous situation which involves George chasing Sajit because he has not been circumcised: â€Å"GEORGE: I tell you stupy, why you no listen. Your son bloody got it (He indicates his crotch. ) here tickle-tackle. † (Act 1, Scene 1) It is quite important that George is raising an issue that his son has not been circumcised. This reflects his views and is the first sign that he is a very religious Muslim. George uses Pidgin English which is very funny and shows that he has taken parts of the Pakistani dialect and merged it with English. Also George uses euphemisms instead of explicit terms which make it amusing like stupy. There is almost a sense of Schadenfreude for the audience as George, who is usually violent in his control of the family, is struggling to speak fluently. This is funny as it makes it seem as if he is hanging somewhere in between the two cultures. Another stage direction shows Georges relationship with his wife: â€Å"George grins slightly, these arguments happen all the time, and this one has reached its point. † (Act 1, Scene 1) In this quotation, we can see the relationship George has with his wife and that he is a playful character. This is another image of George that the audience gets and they assume that this is Georges normal behaviour. In this scene there are not any visible conflicts between the characters. This scene does not appear to be particularly loaded, but then again it is only the beginning of the play. This changes as we begin to slowly find out. In Act 2, Scene 2, the cross-cultural conflicts created by the tension slowly built throughout the play up to this point is finally resolved. Sajit is opening up to his older brother, Abdul, and Abdul is seeing Sajit in a new light. Sajit to him was always the dotty child who never took off his coat. The symbolism of Sajits coat is like his protection and sanctuary to get away from all of the harsh treatment and bad feelings that he receives. In Act 2, Scene 5, more is revealed about the symbolism of Sajits coat. After their talk Abdul wishes he had a parka to get away from all the conflicts, living up to his fathers expectations and his complicated life: â€Å"I wish I had a parka. † (Act 2, Scene 2) This quotation has importance as it shows that Abdul has accepted Sajit and his ways. It also shows that he would like to seek refuge just like Sajit and shows that he also is vulnerable like his brother. This is the first time that Abdul has shown any sort of understanding towards Sajits feelings. Another family conflict is shown when Abdul tries to explain to Tariq, his younger and rebellious brother, why he has never defied his father and let his father overpower him: â€Å"I want him to treat me like a proper son, I want him to trust me. I dont want him to feel as if Im some investment for his future. † (Act 2, Scene 2) Abdul is trying to explain to Tariq why he listens to his father and tries to respect him. This shows that Abdul is very reasonable and can see both points of views, from his and his siblings and his view and from his fathers. The world conflict in this scene forms a backdrop in the play. George feels strongly about Pakistan and the war as he has family near the borderline. Ella (his wife) on the other hand, does not really care about the war and is more concerned about life back home and her family: They only come around here when they want money, or when money wants sending to Pakistan, to buy more bleeding land that were not gonna live on. And do you think any of my kids are gonna get a look in, if owt happened to you? (Act 2, Scene 2) Ella is finally unleashing her feelings which she has bottled up for the course of her marriage with George. George is dumbfounded as he knows that it is truth, then when Ella says: â€Å"Im not gonna stand by and let you crush them one by one because of your pig bloody ignorance. † (Act 2, Scene 2) George upon hearing Ella apparently call him pig becomes angry. He is a volatile character and Ellas words trigger off his already heated temperament (Pork is forbidden in Islam, so he feels gravely insulted): â€Å"George grabs Ella violently by her hair and pulls her to the ground. We see Sajit crying in the yard. † (Act 2, Scene 2) The scene has come to a dramatic conclusion which has a lot of tension within it, from both the domestic violence and Abdul and Tariqs encounter. A lot of tension has developed in this scene and is building up to the climax. In Act 2, Scene 4 we see Abdul in another light. We see him confessing and repenting his actions from earlier. The atmosphere becomes very tense as Abdul delivers a very powerful speech which releases a lot of tension: â€Å"I just sat there and watched them, and I didnt belong, I was crying,  crying so hard I couldnt catch my breath. † (Act 2, Scene 4) After this strong comment, the stage directions amplify the atmosphere: â€Å"Pause. We can just hear the music playing in the background. † (Act 2, Scene 4) This is a dramatic part of the scene as Abdul has vented his feelings about his behavior all in one powerful release. The relevance of the music is important as it is background music which can clearly be heard as both Abdul and Tariq are silent, showing that it is a reminder of their culture and the rising tensions. This scene is important as it helps us understand the character of Abdul. We can see that he can understand the young and childish views of his youngest brother, and the serious views of Tariq. Throughout the play, tension and humor have entwined which has built up to the climax of the play in the final scene. In Act 2, Scene 5, the tension of the play has risen to the climax and everyone is rushing around for the arrival of the guests. There is tension in the air as they are waiting for the arrival of Mr. Shah (the father of Abdul and Tariqs brides to-be): â€Å"Ella is plaiting Meenahs hair. Sajit sits oblivious to all the confusion around him, reading a comic. † (Act 2, Scene 5) We can see that there is tension as everyone is scurrying about doing their own thing. Ella seems to be in control of the situation and is ordering everyone about: â€Å"ELLA: Keep it bloody still then. Sajit go upstairs and ask your Dad to give you the nit comb. † (Act 2, Scene 5) â€Å"ELLA: Hang on, I havent got two pairs of hands. Abdul! Fix Tariqs tie. (Pause. ) Wheres Saleem? † (Act 2, Scene 5) â€Å"ELLA: Sajit go upstairs and ask your dad to get me jeweler out of the safe. (As Sajit goes. ) And take that bleeding parka off! Abdul, get the posh cups out of the cabinet in the kitchen. † (Act 2, Scene 5) In all of these quotations, we see Ella sending the children off around the whole house to prepare before Mr. Shah arrives. Upon the arrival of the guest the tone changes and the family adopt a posh approach, which is an immediate contrast with their usual eccentric behavior: â€Å"Mr. Shah enters greeted by Ella. Ella leads him into the parlor, followed by the others, Sajit bringing up the rear trying to see. Ella has now got her slightly posh voice on. † (Act 2, Scene 5) Then Mr. Shah is introduced. We can tell that he holds very high standards as everyone greets him as he is introduced. Ella who is normally very informal has now become very posh as she is aware of the respect that Mr. Shah deserves. We can see that Ella does not seem to know what to say and when to say it: â€Å"Oh theyre quite heftya ¦the frames I mean! Look George, arent they lovely? † (Act 2, Scene 5) In this quotation we can see that Ella has spoken aloud her true opinion about the girls pictures, but hastily manages to recover. This is quite an obvious sign that Ella is not used to meeting those who are from the Pakistani background and is embedded in the English culture. There is tension in the air because; if one character makes a mistake then there will be serious consequences like Mr. Shah refusing to allow his daughters to marry into the family: â€Å"Enter Meenah with the tea, she sees the photos, she can barely control her laughter, this could be dangerous. She scuttles out of the room quick. † â€Å"MEENAH: Ill just go and get the biscuits. (She almost snorts this. )† (Act 2, Scene 5) The children also notice that the pictures are unsightly and can hardly control their laughter, just like their mother. This is funny but serious as we can understand the comedy of the circumstances but the seriousness of the situation. In this scene there are cross-cuts between the two actions at the same time. There is the formal type atmosphere in the parlor and the informal light hearted tone in the living room where the children are gathered. This is quite good as tension is increased as the two actions happen. When one scene occurs, the other pauses thus building tension between the two. There is comedy present as the children are joking about with Saleems model and on the other hand we have such a serious atmosphere: â€Å"Ella goes to grab the model, but Saleem gets there first. She begins to chase him round the room. † (Act 2, Scene 5) As the model is of something so explicit, it is entertaining to see the situation change to such an amusing one. Then it says: â€Å"We are aware of the commotion outside the parlor door. † SALEEM: (from outside). Mam let go, youre pulling all the hair out! (Act 2, Scene 5) These quotations show the situation from the other room and we can imagine what the guest and the family are thinking. The family is all seated and then suddenly: â€Å"Saleem falls through the door clutching the model. He lands in front of Mr. Shah. † (Act 2, Scene 5) The sudden entrance of Saleem has surprised the guest, and George too has finally lost patience with his own family. Even though something so embarrassing and detrimental has happened Ella uses humor which induces the tension building to the climax: â€Å"ELLA: Im very sorry Mr. Shah, it was an accident, the hair came off in me hands. † (Act 2, Scene 5) Mr. Shah has been a patient guest for the family, but he too finally loses it. He cannot believe he was about to wed his daughters into this crazy family: â€Å"This is an insult to me, and to my family! How can you allow your son to behave like this! I will never let my daughters marry into this jungly family of half-breeds! † (Act 2, Scene 5) This too is an insult to Ella who as explained before loves her own children. She cannot let this pass her so easily: â€Å"Well your daughters arent good enough for my sons or your house. And if I hear you say another word about my family, Ill put that fanny over your bastard head. † (Act 2, Scene 5) Once again Ella has defended her family and used humor to add more tension to the atmosphere. This speech is tough as Ella overrules George to shout at Mr. Shah. Mr. Shah exits feeling personally insulted, and then George loses it: â€Å"You baster bitch, you insulting guest, bring bloody shame on family. † (Act 2, Scene 5) He is more concerned about what others think of his family and is annoyed that Ella has insulted not just an ordinary guest, but a Pakistani respectable man. George is too irrational and cannot see any other side to it so: â€Å"George grabs Ella, and pushes her to the floor, he starts to hit her. † (Act 2, Scene 5) Now George is hitting Ella for the second time and the children, all except Sajit, have not seen this brutal attack before. They are stunned: â€Å"Saleem and Tariq run over to try and stop him, Manner grabs Ella and tries to pull her away. Sajit takes off his coat, runs over, and starts to hit George with it. † (Act 2, Scene 5) Abdul has taken control of the situation and is grabbing his father and holding him against the wall. He is acting on behalf of all of the children: â€Å"ABDUL: Dad! (He grabs George and pushes him against the wall. ) Get off her stop it. † (Act 2, Scene 5) Abdul has just done a very manly action by sizing up to his father and then pushing him away. His conflicts have arisen as he has previously had to atone and be a religious Muslim and then had to face this situation. Sajit has been silent throughout the previous action but suddenly has whipped off his parka and started whacking his dad with it. This is such a major change as the metaphor of his parka has changed i. e. the parka represented bottled up feelings and now it is being released. The action of reliving the scene of his father attacking his mother must have removed his fears. The following quotation has a strong message in it: â€Å"Sajit runs off to the shed crying. Pause. Theres just the sound of Ella crying. The others help her into a chair. † â€Å"George starts to cry. † â€Å"GEORGE: I only try to help you son, I no want to bloody hurt you, I love my family. I have to bloody stick up for family when people calling. † (Act 2, Scene 5) The pause in the stage directions is used to build suspense and create more tension. Then when George begins to cry we realize that he is not all bad. The previous examples of George that we have seen are those which show him in either a humorous or bad light, not in a sympathetic light. The fact that he is crying shows that he too is human and feels sad about his actions. His  speech states that he cares for his family, and has their best interests at heart. This is quite moving and is almost like a healing to all of the violence. It proves that he does care for his family after all. Then George leaves and Abdul goes to speak to Sajit, who has retired to the coal shed. Sajit too has released his anger and even tells Abdul it: â€Å"I was only hitting him cause he hit me mam. He always does it. He said he was gonna burn the house down. † (Act 2, Scene 5) Sajit has said something which echoes his inner feelings all along. He thought that his dad was going to burn his house down. Sajit has foolishly taken Georges previous threat from when he previously beat up Ella to heart. This shows that he may be dotty, but he does care. Once again, he opens up to Abdul: â€Å"I didnt half give him a belt didnt I? † (Act 2, Scene 5) Then Abdul asks if Sajit wants to keep his coat, but surprisingly Sajit doesnt. In the following quotation, we can see Sajit giving all his fears up and relieving all his stress. â€Å"Sajit takes the coat, goes over to the bin, lifts up the lid, takes one last look at his coat, and throws it in. † (Act 2, Scene 5). The fact that Sajit has taken a final look at the coat may mean that he is reflecting on all of the times that his coat was a haven for him away from all of the troubles that plagued him. After such a moving ending and tension humor is once again introduced, as Sajit says: â€Å"Can I have another look at our Saleems model? † (Act 2, Scene 5) This shows the final example where humor is used to reveal tensions and conflicts. The resolution of the play is one that the audience may not have expected and is quite fulfilling as it successfully concludes the conflicts between the characters. From my assignment, I can conclude that conflicts and tension are dramatically revealed through the use of humor. In many scenes, we can see this like Act 1, Scene1 and Act 2, Scene 5. The purpose of this play is portraying life as an Anglo-Pakistani in the 1970s. It highlights the difficulties and good times of being Asian. The reason that Ayub-Khan-Din wrote the play was because the play was a way to show others how his life was for a typical Pakistani family growing up, in his circumstances. The playwright has based the play around his life which made it more real and understandable. This play is very autobiographical as it shows certain aspects of his life and shows the struggles for Anglo-Pakistani families. The play seems humorous, and since I didn’t really know how bad problems can really be in an English-Pakistani family living in England, I thought they had exaggerated a lot. But later finding out that the play is autobiographical; it made me understand the theme a bit better. It made me look at the play very differently, and it was easier to value the atmosphere as it was based upon a true lifestyle.

Dispute Resolution at the Workplace

Dispute Resolution at the Workplace â€Å"Dispute Resolution at the Workplace: The Practical, procedural and legal aspects†. Analyse this question in the context of the UK Employment law. The Employment Act 2002 (Dispute Resolution) Regulations came into force on 1st October 2004. The Act requires that all employees must have in place minimum statutory procedures, which would in effect deal with dismissal, disciplinary action and grievances in the workplace. This is in effect relevant to employers regardless of size. In essence, the regulation imposes on them the legal requirement for them to inform all their employees of the procedures in place. The aim of the Act is to build and enhance constructive employment relations in order to avoid litigation by developing better communication and improved conciliation. The Act was designed to encourage those involved in an employment relationship to discuss problems before resorting to Employment Tribunals. The obligation demands that both the employer and the employee follow a three-step minimum process when dealing with most dismissals, disciplinary and grievances procedures. The consequence of failing to abide by this is that it may result in the incurring of sanctions, which is normally financial penalty. The new three-step procedure was given full effect on 1st October 2004. In outline, the three-step process involves putting in writing any grievances, disciplinary and dismissal issues when they arise; meeting and discussing face to face in a meeting arranged by the employer; and appeal meetings if required. The Act itself introduced minimum procedures for settling grievances and internal disciplinary methods. The essence of this is to impart in employees the need to raise their grievances with their employers before applying to an Employment tribunal. The emphasis is for the need for all employers to have at least the minimum requirements in place. In reality, many employers will already have in place procedures, which go much further than the minimum requirement. In such a case, the only issue will be to confirm that the procedures in place comply with the new procedures. Employers are expected to inform their employees in a written statement provided within two months of them taking employment of the disciplinary rules which govern the company and whom to go to for grievances. The employee must then follow the grievance procedure and it is essential as a general rule that a grievance must be put in writing. All the requirements to be followed are expounded in the Act, all of which mus t be followed in order for a claim to be brought before the Employment Tribunal. The exception to this (requirement in writing) is in a case involving dismissal. Where the disciplinary or dismissal procedures have not been met before the case goes to the employment tribunal, this may in some circumstances affect a money award, in terms of decreasing an award if an employer was at fault for instance. There are practical obligations concerning procedures that have been imposed on both the employer and the employee. As regards the employee, the first thing to do where there are any concerns about his/her job relating to working conditions, or about co-workers, will be to raise the matter with the specified person referred to in the employer’s written statement. The employer must according to the provisions of the regulations inform the employee of the procedures to follow at the place of work if an employee wishes to raise a grievance. Where an informal meeting which will instigate a complaint about grievances fails to resolve the matter to the employee’s satisfaction, then he/she may begin a formal grievance procedure as provided for in the regulations. Where a formal grievance procedure is not followed, then the employee has failed in his statutory obligations and will not be able to bring a claim in the Employment Tribunal, except in cases to do with dismissals. The employee is then expected to set out his grievances in writing. The employer must then arrange a meeting to discuss the employee’s grievances. The employee has a right to be accompanied by someone at work or a trade union official. Where the employee feels that his/her grievances have not been dealt with to his satisfaction, he must then inform his employer of his intentions to appeal. The employer must then arrange a meeting to do this. This will be the final stage as a minimum requirement of the Act. Where the employee is still not satisfied, he can bring his claim to the Employment tribunal, where he feels his employment rights have been infringed. The new statutory minimum procedures come into play when the employer is considering dismissing the employee or taking other disciplinary actions. Where the employer does not follow the new statutory provisions regarding grievance procedures and the employer dismisses the employee, the employee may complain to an employment tribunal who will normally find the dismissal automatically unfair and compensation will be increased. Similarly, where the employer fails to follow the new statutory rules, and where the employer take s other disciplinary action, short of dismissal and a successful claim is made to the employment tribunal about that action, any money awarded to the employee is likely to be increased by between 10% and 50% (this is on the assumption that the failure to follow the procedures was not the employee’s fault). The Department of Trade and Industry has made publications geared at both employees and employers in order to facilitate the new regulation, and for a smooth transition into its requirements. The website contains details about the Act and the steps to be taken in order to ensure adherence. It also contains a section aimed at assisting employees and it contains links to law centres and agencies that can offer their advice accordingly. The Act has no bearing on dismissals that took place before 1st of October 2004, even if the procedures undertaken by the employer carries on until after this date. The Act also has no bearings in instances where an employee brings a claim about a grievance that took place after the Act came into force. Harvey, Industrial Relations and Employment Law, LexisNexis Butterworths 2005 www.dti.gov.uk/er 1,010 words

Bret Hartes The Outcasts Of Poker Flat :: essays research papers

This can’t be happening thought Bill. Man I’m in so much trouble, there’s no way I can get out of it. I’m stuck. Bill had just wrecked his parent’s BMW in an accident, and they had no idea that the expensive car was even missing from the garage. And a terrible thing had happened as a result of the crash. A young woman lay dead in the passenger side of the vehicle, swarmed by medics. Bill had escaped injury, but as his body was still at the crash site, his mind wasn’t. He was in total shock at what had happened. If I only left the car in the garage and didn’t try to â€Å"borrow† it, Lisa might still be alive†¦.Bill tried to imagine that it wasn’t real, that he was in his bed dreaming, but no, he was responsible for the destruction of his parents’ car and his the death of his girlfriend. It was as if his mind wasn’t registering, as if it was in some far away place. He just couldn’t come to grips with what had happened. This is a classic example of severe shock. The event that took place was so strong that the mind has trouble working. While in Bill’s case where he had indeed had an accident, the realism of the situation dwarfs the mind as if a small comet hurtled towards a blazing sun. But this is just one aspect of realism. The whole of realism is made up of the fact that our lives, the world, the universe, it’s all real. And as much as our minds would want to deny it, everything will stay real, and for most people they just make the best of it. But for the rest of the people, they invent new ways to get around the feeling that a wall has been placed in their path. All this goes to say that people must be original and â€Å"keep it real† to survive the physical and mental fatigue life throws at them and also that everything will always be real and we must be in touch with our minds to harvest the realness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bret Harte tells of a story where a group is outcast into the world to fend for themselves during the winter season. After they have been exiled and are outside the city walls, most of the group can’t handle the situation presented before them, as quoted, â€Å"As the escort disappeared, their pent-up feelings found vent in a few hysterical tears from the Duchess, some bad language from Mother Shipton, and a Perthian volley of expletives from Uncle Billy.

Relationships with the Dead in Wordsworths We Are Seven and Hardys Di

Relationships with the Dead in Wordsworth's We Are Seven and Hardy's Digging  Ã‚   "[One] can outlast death not in a divine after life but only in a human one. If the poet dies or forgets his beloved, he murders her" (Ramazani 131); Thomas Hardy's belief of the "poet's duty of remembrance" establishes the basis for his, "Ah, Are You Digging on My Grave?". "[Fearing] he abandoned his own wife before her death," Hardy wrote the poem to assume "the memorial responsibilities of the poet" (Ramazani 131). Whereas Hardy tries to atone for his sins "by continually grieving over his dead wife", the fuel behind William Wordsworth's "We Are Seven," is a question of being and existence (Trilling 57). This question stems from the fact "that nothing was more difficult for [Wordsworth] in childhood than to admit the notion of death as a state applicable to his own being" (Noyes 60). Despite the vastly different intentions of the poets, Hardy and Wordsworth both depict relationships between the living and the dead in their poems; however, while Hardy humorously satirizes how the l iving forget the dead, Wordsworth demonstrates a child's refusal to acknowledge the dead as being gone. In their poems, Hardy and Wordsworth both elicit the use of conversation; however, the fictional conversation in "Ah, Are You Digging on My Grave?," contrasts the non-fictional dialogue in "We Are Seven". Hardy's poem "uses the ballad convention of 'The Unquiet Grave'- a dialogue between living and dead" (Johnson 48), in this case, between a deceased woman and her dog; Wordsworth's poem consists of an actual confrontation he had with a little girl when he traveled through Europe. Hardy's willingness to use disembodied voices for the intended purpose of creating... ...ument Wordsworth brings up, the girl replies, "Nay, we are seven!" (Wordsworth 1333). She lacks the ability to accept death and "this [absence] of awareness [makes] the poem so touching" (Drabble 51). What began as a simple everyday conversation finished as a didactic and somewhat emotional poem. Wordsworth, through a real life conversation, presents "the obscurity and perplexity which in childhood attend our notion of death, or rather our inability to admit that notion'" (Noyes 60). In direct contrast to Wordsworth, who did not intend to writie a deep, meaningful poem, Hardy knew exactly what he wanted to accomplish by writing, "Ah, Are You Digging on My Grave." People too easily remove the dead from their memories, and Hardy wanted to admonish his readers of the importance of remembering the dead; just because the dead are gone, they should not be forgotten.

Jane Eyre :: essays research papers

â€Å"The passions may rage furiously, like true heathens, as they are; and the desires may imagine all sorts of vain things: but judgment shall have the last word in every argument, and the casting vote in every decision.†1 Such powerful words were found in the famous romance novels of Charlotte Bronte. Through her novels Jane Eyre and The Professor Bronte’s life experiences were reflected by her main characters as they sought independence, conceived images as symbols of important events in their lives, and they exhibited commitment to their goals.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Like Charlotte Bronte both William Crimsworth and Jane Eyre encountered hardships early in their lives therefore they sought independence. Crimsworth’s need to leave his brother Edward and Hunsden reflected the independence â€Å"[sought] by Charlotte in order to pursue her career as a governess.†2 Since Bronte’s mother died when Charlotte was very young her father allowed their aunt to educate and raise the children until they were old enough to seek a career. Their aunt was a stern woman and â€Å"was rather content receiving obedience than affection†3 which is similar to the character of Aunt Reed in Jane Eyre. Although Hunsden did not hold any blood relation to Crimsworth the relationship between the men was cold which forced Crimsworth to find separation form ridicule and harsh criticism as did Bronte from her aunt. The novel Jane Eyre further illustrated Bronte’s desires of seeking autonomy as the central character, Jane, r epresented the romantic relationship Bronte had experienced with her professor at the young age of 18. The storyline between Rochester and Eyre held true to the emotions of Charlotte Bronte because she felt the frustrations, helplessness, and happiness in a romance. â€Å"Isolation allow[ed]the heroine’s self-development, but it impede[ed] her romantic yearning to be thoroughly lost in love.†4 Yet, due to the hardships she faced in her romance Bronte still saw the need for separation from her beloved as did Eyre from Rochester and Francis from Crimsworth. Although it was hard for the author to leave her happiness, her frustrations were expressed in Jane Eyre:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I grieve to leave Thornfield . . . I love it, because I have lived   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  in it a full and delightful life. I have not been trampled on, I   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  have not been petrified . . . [However] I see the necessity of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  departure; and it is like looking at death.†5 Albeit Jane and William faced the difficulty of pursuing independence from harsh family and romantic situations, most important to both characters was to find equality among their social statures.

Prosecuting Arguments

Prosecuting Arguments A prosecutor's duty is to defer and produce evidence of the crime at hand to the judge and jury so that they can decide an appropriate sentence. According to the case of State v. Stu Dents, there are several charges against the defendant which range from moderate to severe. These charges include homicide, assault of a police officer, kidnapping, burglary, and crimes related to drugs. The prosecution must attempt to provide accurate evidence to prove the charges against Stu Dents.During this trial, the prosecution will evaluate the laws and statutes of Hawaii, Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania to determine which state the case is the strongest. The prosecution will examine each of these states thoroughly to provide a better understanding of the charges, which will provide a guideline in determining the best sentencing alternatives. Facts and Elements The prosecution must establish the facts and elements of each crime to prove a defendant's guil t. The elements of crime are the basic components of the crime, and the essential features of that crime specified by law or statute.These elements include actus reus, mens rea, and a concurrence of the two. To convict the defendant of a particular crime, the prosecution must establish that each of the required elements are present in the facts to prove criminal liability (Schmalleger, Hall, & Dolatowski, 2010). In the case of State v. Stu Dents, the prosecution must establish the facts and elements of the charges for homicide, assault of a police officer, kidnapping, burglary, and crimes related to drugs. For the charge of homicide, all of the required elements are present in the facts of the case.The journal entries discussing the purchase of rope, rags, and a sharp hunting knife â€Å"to fulfill [his] destiny† prove mens rea. Actus reus is proven in the evidence that the victim was found with cloth stuffed in her mouth, arms and legs tied with rope restraints, and stabbed to death. The defendant's intent to commit the crime is proven by the journal entries, and the proof that he engaged in the criminal conduct is evident in the gagging, restraining, and stabbing death of the victim (University of Phoenix, n. d. ).For the charge of assault of a police officer, all of the required elements are present in the facts of the case. When police officers attempted to take him into custody, he was extremely agitated, irrational, combative, and screaming about the end of the world and aliens working in the police force, which proves mens rea. Actus reus is proven when the defendant punched the officer in the face while the officer attempted to handcuff him. The defendant's intent to cause bodily harm to the officer by punching him proves the presence of intent and conduct (University of Phoenix, n. . ). For the charge of kidnapping, all of the required elements are present in the facts of the case. Mens rea is proven from the evidence officers found in the defe ndant's home, which included a timeline of more than 300 photos of the victim in various locations and situations. It appears as if some photos were taken without the victim's knowledge. Actus reus is proven by the evidence of cuts and bruises found on the victim's body as well as skin particles under her fingernails, which signify a struggle prior to death.The DNA of the skin particles matched samples of the defendant's DNA. Therefore, the defendant's intent to seize unlawfully and carry away the victim by force, as indicated by the evidence of struggle, proves the presence of intent and conduct (University of Phoenix, n. d. ). For the charge of burglary, all of the required elements are present in the facts of the case. Mens rea is proven from witness testimony stating that the defendant entered the victim's apartment when she was not home, and there was no proof that he used a key.Actus reus is proven when a search of the defendant's home produced drugs and jewelry owned by the v ictim. The defendant's intent to enter the victim's residence unlawfully without permission for the purpose of committing a crime is proven by the theft of the victim's possessions (University of Phoenix, n. d. ). For the charge of crimes related to drugs, all of the elements are present in the facts of the case. Mens rea is proven when a search of the defendant's home produced various amounts of ecstasy, cocaine, and methamphetamines.Actus reus is proven by the presence of ecstasy, cocaine, and methamphetamines in the defendant's home, which is an act of possession. The defendant knowingly possessing the drugs coexists with the act of possessing the drugs (University of Phoenix, n. d. ). State Laws In Hawaii, homicide occurs when a person intentionally or knowingly causes the death of another person, and it is considered murder in the first degree. The crime of homicide with more than one victim or an inmate killing his or her cellmate is considered first degree murder, and homicid e of an officer of the law is considered a felony murder.Murder in the first degree is a serious felony, and the defendant could face life in prison without parole because Hawaii does not have the death penalty (FindLaw, 2012). In Pennsylvania, assault of a police officer occurs when a person intentionally causes harm to an officer while on duty, such as fighting the officer to avoid arrest. If this incident causes the officer bodily harm, the crime is a second-degree misdemeanor. This will result in a sentence of up to five years in prison, and a fine of up to $3,000.If a person shoots and kills an officer on duty, the charge is assault in the first degree. The defendant could face a minimum of 20 years in prison or death for first-degree assault of a police officer (Justia, n. d. ). In North Carolina, kidnapping occurs when a person unlawfully restrains or keeps another person at any place without his or her permission. It is considered first degree kidnapping if the victim is not released in a safe place or is seriously injured. This charge is considered a Class C felony, and it carries up to 15 years imprisonment (North Carolina General Assembly, n. d. ).In Arkansas, residential burglary occurs when a person unlawfully enters and remains in a residential structure, and commits any offense punishable by imprisonment. This crime is considered a Class B felony. A defendant who is charged with this crime faces five to 10 years imprisonment, and a fine of up to $15,000 (Justia, n. d. ). In Virginia, crimes related to drugs include manufacturing, distributing, or possessing controlled substances with the intent to manufacture or distribute. A first offense under this statute carries a sentence of five to 40 years imprisonment, and a fine of up to $500,000.Second and subsequent offenses carry a sentence of five years to life imprisonment, and a fine of up to $500,000. It is considered a felony if a person manufactures, distributes, or possesses certain large amou nts of controlled substances. A felony conviction carries a sentence of five years to life imprisonment, and a fine of up to $1 million (Laws. com, 2011). Strongest State Case According to the information on the state laws and statutes, Hawaii would yield the strongest prosecution in the case of State v. Stu Dents. InHawaii, a conviction of homicide carries a sentence of life imprisonment without parole, which would keep the defendant away from society, and keep society safe from possible future offenses by the defendant. A conviction for assault of a police officer carries up to five years imprisonment. A conviction for kidnapping and drug crimes is a Class A felony, and it carries a term of up to life imprisonment with a fine of up to $50,000. A conviction of burglary is a Class B felony, and it carries a term of two to 20 years imprisonment with a fine of up to $25,000 (Nolo, 2012).If the defendant is found guilty of all charges in the state of Hawaii, he will spend the rest of h is life in prison as well as pay a large amount in fines, which is absolute justice for the victim. Conclusion Each state has different laws for each crime that a person commits and how that person is charged for the crime. The prosecution for each crime is strong for each of the states examined. No matter what the case is for a crime committed in any state, there is a law or statute available to charge a person for that crime.Regardless of the state the criminal trial proceeds in, the prosecution will have a strong case in the case of State v. Stu Dents. References FindLaw. (2012). Haw. Rev. Stat.  § 707-701 : Hawaii Statutes – Section 707-701: Murder in the first degree. Retrieved from http://codes. lp. findlaw. com/histatutes/5/37/707/II/707-701 Justia. (n. d. ). 2010 Arkansas Code  § 5-39-201 – Residential burglary — Commercial burglary. Retrieved from http://law. justia. com/codes/arkansas/2010/title-5/subtitle-4/chapter-39/ subchapter-2/5-39-201/ Justi a. (n. d. . 2010 Pennsylvania Code  § 2702. 1 – Assault of law enforcement officer. Retrieved from http://law. justia. com/codes/pennsylvania/2010/title-18/chapter-27/2702-1/ Laws. com. (2011). 18. 2-248 – Manufacturing, selling, giving, distributing, or possessing with intent to manufacture, sell, give, or distribute a controlled substance or an imitation controlled substance prohibited; penalties. Retrieved from http://statutes. laws. com/ virginia/title-18-2/chapter-7/18-2-248 Nolo. (2012). Hawaii Charges for Crimes by Felony Class. Retrieved from ttp://www. criminaldefenselawyer. com/resources/criminal-defense/felony-offense/ hawaii-felony-class. htm North Carolina General Assembly. (n. d. ). Article 10 – Kidnapping and Abduction. Retrieved from http://www. ncga. state. nc. us/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/PDF/ByArticle/Chapter_ 14/Article_10. pdf Schmalleger, F. , Hall, D. E. , & Dolatowski, J. J. (2010). Criminal law Today. (4th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. University of Phoenix. (n. d. ). State v. Stu Dents. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, CJA354 website.

Nike-High End Shoe Market Survey in Bangladesh.Doc

This report was collected from : [email  protected] com 01. INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Consumer Behavior The term consumer behavior is defined as the behavior that consumers display in searching for purchasing, using, evaluating & disposing of products & services that they expect will satisfy their needs. Consumer behavior focuses on how individuals make decisions to spend their available resources (time, money, effort) on consumption related items. That includes what they buy, why they buy it, when they buy it, where they buy it, how often they buy it, how often they use it, how they evaluate it after the purchase and impact of such evaluation on future purchases & disposal. Nike shoes are sold worldwide at high price. People tend to associate high price positively with good quality & maximum performance. Because of the high price, before buying Nike shoes, people undergo extensive information processing, i. e. – ask friends or search the internet to find information about the product. 1. Origin of Report The report has been prepared for Mr. Junaid Khan, faculty at School of Business in North South University as a requirement of MKT344 course. This report is compulsory for students majoring in marketing. 1. 3 Limitations We had faced many obstacles whilst carrying out the survey. Some of the limitations faced were as (a). The survey sample was 50 persons, which was a negligible amount to obtain accurate answer. (b). Peop le were not eager to disclose their true income. (c). The survey was carried out in a posh area of Dhaka city i. . – in Banani, thus leaving a huge number of respondents outside the survey. (d). Some people didn’t read the questionnaire carefully and they gave results which may not reflect their true opinion. 02. RESEARCH STRUCTURE 2. 1 Methodology In preparing this report we have used both qualitative & quantitative method. (a). Primary Data We collected primary data by carrying out a survey on 50 people. In the survey there were 16 questions, all of them close ended. We carried out the survey in three days. (b). Secondary Data We collected secondary data from the retail outlets. We collected a price list of Nike, Reebok & Adidas shoes from these outlets. 2. 2 Questionnaire Design The target sample was set up first before preparing the survey questionnaire. We choose the middle class & upper class educated people as our respondents. That’s why we distributed our questionnaires among the students, faculties & people in North South University. The survey questionnaire was divided in three major parts i. e. – demography, perception about Nike & perceptual mapping of Nike. In the demographic part we asked questions to determine the social class, age group & profession. In the perception section we developed questions in a way to identify consumer perception about Nike itself, usage of Nike & Nike users. In the last part, perceptual mapping we requested the respondents to rank (i. e. – 1, 2, 3 etc) Nike in terms of price, quality & performance compared with other leading brands. Also we asked the respondents to rank features (in order of importance i. e. – 1, 2, 3, 4 etc) that they would consider in buying Nike. 03. WHAT IS PERCEPTION? 3. 1 Perception Perception is defined as the process by which an individual select, organizes & interprets stimuli into a meaningful & coherent picture of the world. It can be described as ‘how see the world around us’. Indeed the study of perception is largely the study of what we subconsciously add to or subtract from raw sensory input to produce our own private picture of the world. Suppose two people being exposed to the same Nike product may perceive differently. One might perceive Nike shoes to be high in performance if he/she is satisfied using it, while the other person may perceive the same Nike shoe having low performance. This proves that perception varies from person to person. 3. 2 Product Positioning The essence of successful marketing is the image that a product or service has in the minds of consumers – that is, its positioning. Positioning is more important to the ultimate success of a product than are its actual characteristics. The core of effective positioning is a unique position that the product occupies in the minds of the consumer. (a). Positioning of Nike itself (1 = Very High, 2 = High, 3 = Average, 4 = Low, 5 = Poor) |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |Price |46% |42% |4% |2% |6% | |Brand Image |54% |42% |4% |0% |0% | |Quality |36% |42% |22% |0% |0% | |Satisfaction |26% |40% |30% |4% |0% | |Smartness |30% |42% |18% |2% |8% | (b). Positioning of Nike in terms of users (1 = Strongly Agree, 2 = Agree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Disagree, 5 = Strongly Disagree) |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |Rich People |50% |42% |8% |0% |0% | |Athletes |44% |40% |16% |0% |0% | |Satisfied Past Users |28% |38% |24% |10% |0% | |Brand Loyal C ustomers |30% |38% |20% |4% |8% | (c). Positioning of Nike in terms of use Nike shoes are suitable for ( + 4 = Strongly agree, + 2 = Agree, 0 = Neither agree nor disagree, – 2 = Disagree, – 4 = Strongly Disagree) |+ 4 |+ 2 |0 |- 2 |- 4 | |Only Sport activities |24% |44% |8% |12% |12% | |Only Work activities |8% |12% |42% |16% |22% | |Sports & work |26% |40% |26% |4% |4% | 3. 3 Perception & Purchase Based on perception the consumers purchase intentions occurs. How consumer perceives a product in terms of price, quality & status has a strong influence on purchase intentions & purchase satisfaction. In this section we have figured out only the future purchase intention of consumer about Nike. (a). Perception & Purchase ( + 4 = Definitely, + 2 = Probably, 0 = Uncertain, – 2 = Probably will not, – 4 = Definitely Will not) |+ 4 |+ 2 |0 |- 2 |- 4 | |I will buy Nike next time I buy a shoe |10% |14% |44% |14% |18% | |I will buy a Nike shoe during next 6 months |10 % |4% |36% |18% |32% | |I will recommend others to buy Nike |12% |24% |48% |6% |10% | |I will buy Nike for sports activities |20% |28% |20% |12% |20% | 04. PERCEPTUAL MAPPING 4. 1 Perceptual Mapping The technique of perceptual mapping helps marketers determine just how their products or service appears to consumers in relation to competitive brands on one or more relevant characteristics. It enables them to see gaps in the positioning of all brands in the product or service class and to identify areas in which consumer needs are not being adequately met. 4. 2 Price vs. Quality How consumers perceive the quality of a product is important factor in determining the purchase intention. If the product is not one of high quality the consumer may not be interested in patronizing the product. Besides the quality of a product is a factor that sets the price that consumers are willing to pay. |Fila |Reebok |Puma |Nike |Adidas |Others | |Price |5 |2 |4 |1 |3 |6 | |Quality |5 |3 |4 |1 |2 |6 | [pic] Figure (price vs. quality) From the diagram it is inferred that people perceive Nike as a high priced shoe with high quality. 4. 3 Price vs. Performance How a product is perceived by consumers in terms of performance (output) is a factor that affects the brand equity of the product and influence repeat purchase intention of consumers. If the consumer is not satisfied with the performance of a product, then it is likely that purchase will not be repeated & the manufacturer will not be able to maintain brand loyal customers. | |Fila |Reebok |Puma |Nike |Adidas |Others | |Price |5 |2 |4 |1 |3 |6 | |Performance |4 |2 |5 |1 |3 |6 | [pic] Figure (price vs. performance) From the diagram it seen that Nike is perceived as a high priced shoe with high performance. 05. FINDINGS (a). Demographic Part 01. Gender Male |Female | |66% |34% | 02. Age Group |19-30 |31-45 |>45 | |80% |16% |4% | 03. Marital Status |Married |Unmarried | |8% |92% | 04. Education Level |HSC |A level |Graduate |Post Graduate |Doctoral | |38% |10% |40% |10% |2% | 05. Gross monthly family income (In Taka) |25,000-39,999 |40,000-54,999 |55,000-69,9999 |>70,000 | |30% |22% |20% |28% | 06. Profession Student |Government Service |Private Service |Business |Self Employed | |76% |0% |18% |0% |6% | 07. I live in a |Rented House |Own Apartment |Rented Apartment |Government |Own House |Hostel | | | | |House | | | |16% |26% |16% |6% |32% |4% | 08. I reside in Motijheel |Purana Paltan |Segunbagicha |Shantinagar |Malibagh | |0% |8% |2% |0% |4% | |Dhanmondi |Mohammadpur |Lalmatia |Mirpur |Gulshan | |8% |8% |0% |10% |8% | |Banani |DOHS |Baridhara |Uttara |Others | |4% |2% |2% |14% |30% | (b). General Part 09. I recognize Nike by Logo |Name |Logo & Name | |30% |6% |64% | 14. I know about Nike from (Rank in order of importance i. e. – 1,2,3 etc) |TV |Newspaper |Billboards |Magazine |Internet |Friends | |1 |6 |5 |2 |3 |4 | 15. If I buy Nike the most important fe ature to me would be (Rank in order of importance i. e. – 1,2,3 ) Self Image |Style |Color |Status | |6 |5 |4 |3 | |Price |Need Fulfillment |Original |Country of Origin | |8 |2 |1 |7 | 16. Please rank the following brands based on price, quality & performance (i. e. – 1, 2, 3 etc) |Fila |Reebok |Puma |Nike |Adidas |Others | |Price |5 |2 |4 |1 |3 |6 | |Quality |5 |3 |4 |1 |2 |6 | |Performance |4 |2 |5 |1 |3 |6 | 06. SURVEY ANALYSIS Most of our respondents said they recognize Nike by logo and name, because Nike symbols along with their name are stamped on shoes worldwide and also on various garments. The advertising emphasis of the use of Nike shoes by prominent sportsmen tends to make consumers feel that wearing Nike shoes is a form of smartness. The brand image is high because people who wear Nike shoes in general, are convinced that Nike keeps up to its standard and also after using Nike shoes, they are satisfied with the quality of the shoes and the purpose for which they bought the shoes. People think that price of Nike is high, because in comparison to other brands like Adidas, Reebok, Puma and Fila, the price is a bit on the high side. The price data collected from the outlets proved people’s perception to be true. Rich people because of their attempt to enhance their status symbol usually buy goods of reputed brands, so more rich people tend to buy Nike shoes. Athletes tend to buy Nike shoes because of the comfort and Nike has always promoted itself as being a sports oriented shoe company. In its advertisement, Nike has used mostly sportsmen like Andre Agassi and Michel Jordan to convey this message. Nike shoes ensure high performance for various sports activities and are smooth when it comes to running or playing sports and are durable, so people tend to think that Nike is suitable mostly for sports activities. Brand loyal customers are used to the comfort in using Nike brand, but when using other brands they don’t feel the same level of comfort or satisfaction that they get from Nike. As a reason they stick to using Nike shoes and for them it is a status symbol. Majority of our respondents were reluctant to buy Nike shoe, although they perceived Nike having a high brand image, maybe of the high pricing of Nike shoes. Since they do not have much disposable income, they cannot afford to buy Nike shoe (yet they wish to buy) and resort to buying cheaper brands like Fila and Puma, although they know that the quality of Nike is much better. In Bangladesh because of the cable television, people are exposed to enormous amount of foreign medium. People are exposed to Nike shoes advertisement on foreign channels, so majority said they came to know about Nike shoes first on television. Also in Bangladesh a lot of foreign magazines including sports magazines are available. From these magazines, in hich Nike ads are depicted, people came to know a great deal about Nike shoes. In the Bangladeshi newspapers, there are hardly any ads of Nike shoes, so only a tiny portion of our respondents came to know about Nike shoes from newspaper The people in Banglades h who intend to buy Nike first see whether the Nike shoe is original. Consumers want original shoes because of their status and self-esteem and it helps them fulfill their ego need. Price comes last for these customers, because most consumers can afford the price. 07. CONCLUSION Nike manufacturers have tried to create a distinct positioning of the Nike shoe in terms of quality and satisfaction in comparison to its other competitors i. e. – Adidas, Reebok etc. People in Bangladesh have found Nike to be of high quality and to be of great satisfaction to them, but due to their income limitations, most of people are uncertain as to whether they will buy a Nike shoe now or in the near future. Manufacturers have tried to create a distinct image of Nike in consumers mind, which proved to be successful according to our survey result. From the survey we found that Nike is perceived as a high priced & high brand image shoe in the consumers mind. Thus it can be said that Nike is a mega brand in Bangladesh, like it is in other parts of the world. 08. BIBLIOGRAPHY (i). www. nike. com (ii). Consumer Behavior, LEON, G. SCHIFFMAN AND LESLIE LAZAR, 8th Ed, Pearson Education, Singapore.

Persuasive speech smoking ban Essay

Each year cigarettes are responsible for about 443,000 deaths, on average this is smokers dying 13 to 14 years sooner than nonsmokers1. Cigarette smoking is a horrible behavior in our daily lives. Smoking is not just horrible, but it also has many serious effects on your health, which are often deadly. There are over 4000 chemicals in cigarettes, hundreds to which are toxic to your body2. Smoking is a terrible and disgusting habit, because second hand smoke affects the ones around you, it can cause cancer and other health related diseases, and also the cost of cigarettes cause people to spend an outrageous amount of money. Smoking cigarettes isn’t always negative when it comes to the way you live your life and the effects it has on your health. It can ease the signs and symptoms of stress. The ‘pick me up’ you feel after smoking a cigarette only lasts for a short period of time before you need another cigarette because your craving the nicotine3. The good feeling that nicotine gives you, draws you back to want one more cigarette. Smoking is really just hurting you and the people around you. Stress is something that is going to be around your whole life so it is better to find other way to cope without smoking. Second hand smoke affects the people around you. A smoker does effect close coworkers and family members. Most of the smoke from a burning cigarette isn’t sucked down into the lungs of a smoker, but let out into the open air to be inhaled by anyone. Second hand smoke can cause heart disease, lung cancer, and the risk of SIDs which is something that can instantly kill infants. When it comes to babies and children there are many other complications that can affect them. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says 4that each year in the United States secondhand smoke causes an estimated 46,000 premature deaths from heart disease and an estimated 3,400 deaths each year from lung cancer in nonsmokers. Secondhand smoke contains more than 250 chemicals known to be toxic or cancer causing5. Children or babies exposed to this secondhand smoke are inhaling many of the same cancer causing substances as smokers are. Since 1964, 34 separate US Surgeon General’s reports have been written to make the public aware of the health issues linked to tobacco and secondhand smoke. The ongoing research used in these reports still supports the fact that tobacco and second hand smoke are linked to serious health problems that could be prevented6. According to the CDC SIDS is the sudden, unexplained, unexpected death of an infant in the first year of life, it is the leading cause of death in otherwise healthy infants. 7Chemicals in secondhand smoke appear to affect the brain in ways that interfere with its regulation of infants’ breathing. On average, Children are exposed to more secondhand smoke than nonsmoking adults. Cigarettes cause health risks that affect you in a negative way. Cigarettes contain arsenic, formaldehyde, lead, hydrogen cyanide, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, ammonia, and 43 known carcinogens. They contain more than 4,000 ingredients which when burned, also produce compound chemicals8. Cigarettes can cause cancer, heart disease, stroke, lung disease, emphysema, bronchitis, chronic airway obstructions, and many other health related diseases. Cigarette smoking may also lead to changes in the smokers’ appearance over longer periods of time like wrinkling skin and yellowing of the teeth. In the United States, smoking is responsible for about one in five deaths annually which is about 443,00 deaths a year9. On average, smokers die 13 to14 years early then nonsmokers. In a specific case involving Shane, a 44 year old man who started smoking when he was 18 and was only 34 when his body became damaged from smoking. He discovered he had throat cancer, and had to get his larynx removed, part of his esophagus and collarbone. Part of his stomach had to be reshaped and stretched to serve as an esophagus. Now he speaks with an electro larynx and has a 1inch stoma in his neck so he can breathe. Even after being smoke free since 2003 his smoking still affects him, he just recently found out that he now has cancer in his chest10. Smoking increases your odds of life ending shorter because of avoidable health diseases that you could have easily prevented from not smoking. The amount of money people spend on cigarettes is a ridiculous amount, which could be spent on something more important. In the long run it hurts people when you invest in cigarettes and not in other things like bank accounts or safe stocks. The cigarette industry spends billions of dollars investing and promoting. According to the CDC cigarette smoking costs more than $193 billion a year, which is $97 billion in lost productivity plus $96 billion in health care expenditures11. Cigarettes aren’t cheap and quitting or never starting can save you money now and can also keep you from spending money on health problems in the future. For example if cigarettes are an average $5. 50 for the cost of a pack of cigarettes and a smoker smokes a pack every day, in a month you would be spending $165 on cigarettes, when you could really save that much every month. If you saved this much every month, in five years you could have $9,900, $19,800 in ten years, and $39,600 in twenty years. Before you start just smoking think of the weekly spending you would be doing on just a pack of cigarettes when you could be doing something more important with your money. Smoking is a horrible choice and risk that affects you and the people around you in a negative way. There are many effects of smoking cigarettes, for example second hand smoke and the affect it has on people who are nonsmokers, they cause health risks that can cause death, and also it causes people to spend unnecessary amounts of money. Cigarettes are temporary thing that makes you feel good for a while, but overall the long term affects are dangerous to your life.