Discuss Pinters dramatic presentation of Ruth in The Homecoming

Surrealistically representing the pugilistic life of a pack of ‘Hackney predators', Pinter portrays the mounting conflict within the tribe as each male fights for the Alfa position, with the reward of the lone female, Ruth. Embroidered with elaborately hidden meanings, pregnant pauses and ellipses, this play strips the characters of the outside shell of etiquette and politesse associated with society and left with only language as an attempt to cover the nakedness of their animalistic cores. These characteristics are recognized through the ‘Pinteresque' themes of nameless menace, erotic fantasy, obsession and jealousy, family hatred, and mental disturbance. The plot follows the course of Teddy returning home with his wife, Ruth, and her journey in to ‘take on' the pack and eventually take over the role of Queen Bee. During the course of the drama, she exacts her revenge on Teddy in leaving him for his family of sexually screwed up ‘butchers'. Teddy and Ruth's arrival from America is symbolically representative of Teddy's homecoming after nine years away. He returns married with a ‘Doctorship of Philosophy' and supposedly father of three sons, although later questioned by Max, ‘all yours, Ted?', suggesting Ruth is, as ever, unfaithful and a prostitute. ‘Are you tired?' this passage opens with the estranged couple struggling to find coherence with the blatant discord, ‘No'. Ruth's replies are cold, quasi-monosyllabic and detached, perhaps in an attempt to undermine Teddy's ascension to authority as he blatantly refuses to listen and orders her around: ‘Go to bed. I'll show you the room' shows the reader that ultimately, Ruth's opinions are irrelevant as the subordinate member in a marriage. Like Joey is to Lenny, Teddy sees Ruth as merely an appendage, thus his patronizing condescendence, ‘You can help me with my lectures when we get back'. Teddy's long speeches reveal him as nervous despite his seeming attempts to reassure Ruth : ‘You'll be perfectly all right up there without me.' He uses excessive language to cover his vulnerability in face of the confident and controlling Ruth, whose short, sharp syntax displays her self-assured disposition. Similarly, Max and Lenny, who appear to feel her authority also go off into long, pre-rehearsed monologues, for example Lenny's encounter with ‘a certain lady' ‘with a certain proposal' ‘one night, not too long ago'. Ruth's presence evokes ambiguous emotions within Teddy's family: alternately revered and rebuked, she is perceived as both the absent mother-figure (Jessie) : ‘make the beds', ‘do the cooking', ‘scrub the place out a bit', ‘keep everyone company', and as a sexual object ‘in a dress in pale corded blue silk, heavily encrusted in pearls' and ‘pantaloons in lilac flowered taffeta'. Significantly mentioning the structure of the house, Pinter reminds the reader and the audience of the boneless, spineless family, now that Jessie, ‘the backbone' has died. Teddy, who wants to ‘stay up for a bit' and ‘walk about', provokes sub-textual connotations of the returning male reassuming his dominance as eldest son and marking his territory. However, giving Ruth the house key, having his cigar go out and going to bed prior to Ruth culminates into his eventual emasculation and loss of power among his brothers. Subtextually, Teddy's ‘You†¦need some rest, you know' is ambivalent in expressing Ruth's mental instability, or that Teddy is sending her away for doing something he doesn't approve of. The audience might relate this with ‘she's a very popular woman, she's got lots of friends', once again suggests Ruth's involvement with prostitution as a ‘photographic model for the body'. Stifled in her relationship with a British academic, Ruth's, ‘I think I'll have a breath of air' and ‘just a stroll' suggests she's out and about and ‘on the Game' even before Max and Lenny agree to sponsor her. Quintessentially, Ruth's confrontation with Lenny opens her ascension to power. If language is an attempt to cover nakedness, Ruth's short, direct syntax show her to be in a position of power over Lenny. Not dissimilar to courting males in the animal kingdom trying to hide their vulnerabilities from the females with bright colours or confrontational battles, Max and Lenny use long and decorously embroidered renditions of what have happened previously to appear intelligent and dominating. And yet, Lenny still seeks his absent mother, ‘Do you mind if I hold your hand?'. Psychoanalytically, Pinter portrays the mental decay of his characters as Lenny oscillates between the maternal craving and desire to punish women with ‘a belt in the nose and a couple of turns of the boot.' He expresses his assumed dominance in stating ‘I decided she was', referring to the irrelevance of whether or not the prostitute was diseased, but rather that his word_as a pimp and ‘escort'_is law. Even so, Ruth overrides his authority, threatening, ‘if you take the glass, I'll take you'. Proposals such as ‘sit on my lap' and ‘lie on the floor' have significantly provocative innuendoes, versus the maternal figure naming Lenny, ‘Leonard'. Pinter's intricate depiction of Ruth is her reminiscent, contemplative nature. She cunningly employs frequent ellipses ‘†¦' as a time of careful planning to put the angle of vision on her in a positive light. ‘I†¦move my leg', ‘I wear†¦underwear†¦which moves with me†¦it†¦captures your attention'. Employing this teasing, provocative language register, Ruth enacts a wordy striptease, seducing the men around her and putting herself in the spotlight. She describes America as ‘all rock. And sand', portentous of the ‘arid scimitar' in To the Lighthouse, while the ‘insects' metaphorically refers to her popularity amongst her ‘friends'. ‘once or twice †¦ cold buffet' insinuates Ruth is a high-class prostitute. Contrastingly with Max's diction, Ruth's language register is not full of expletives but rather strategically thought out. She applies legal diction to decide the conditions of her contract with Teddy's family: ‘All aspects of the agreement and conditions of employment would have to be clarified to our mutual satisfaction before we finalized to contract', showing she is able to take care of herself as an individual and will not let the ‘butchers' exploit her. This independence helps her stand out even more prominently than Teddy in all his aloofness, as she rises to position of Queen and orders Lenny , ‘I'd like something to eat', ‘I'd like a drink'. In noting how Lenny does not reject the subordinate role to Ruth, the reader might suspect he enjoys being told what to do by a woman and thus deduce that Pinter's own fantasies play a significant part in the play. He models Ruth on his wife, Vivien, embodying her as both saint and sinner, contrasting maternal and temptress. Biblically, Ruth, symbolic of ‘pity' but also a Moabite widow who left her own people to live with her mother-in-law Naomi. All assets of femininity are sewn into one character, exposing her to the male's sex drive and simultaneous desire for a mother presence. Ultimately, Pinter's presentation of Ruth significantly exposes her as the model female, simultaneously dominate and subordinate, maternal and temptress. Through his pack of Hackney predators, he depicts her as a tool for sexual enjoyment but the eventual Queen Bee with Joey ‘kneeling at her chair' in the final, still-life portrait.

Revenue recognition Essay

The study has been conducted to have a view on Revenue Recognition and how is important for entities in financial reporting and the link between revenue recognition and creative accounting. The primary issue in accounting for revenue is to determining when to recognize revenue. Revenue is recognized when it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the entity and these benefits can be measured reliably. There are identifiable criteria to be met and for revenue to be recognized. By definition, Revenue is the gross inflow of economic benefits during the period arising in the course of the ordinary activities of an entity when those inflows result in increases in equity, other than increases relating to contributions from equity participants. The entities revenue may be arising from the transactions and events, such as the sale of goods; the rendering of services; and the use by others of entity assets yielding interest, royalties and dividends. The recognition criteria usually applied separately to each transaction. However, in certain circumstances, it is necessary to apply the recognition criteria to the separately identifiable components of a single transaction in order to reflect the substance of the transaction transactions are dealt with shall be measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable. Fair value is the amount for which an asset could be exchanged, or a liability settled, between knowledgeable, willing parties in an arm’s length transaction.1 Creative on the other hand refers to the use of accounting knowledge to influence the reported figures while the jurisdiction of accounting rules and laws, so that instead of showing the actual performance or position of the company, they reflect what the management want to tell the shareholders. It is the transformation of financial accounting figures from what they actually are to what preparer desires by taking advantages of the existing rules and /or ignoring some of them2. There are number of ways management can use to practice Creative accounting such the choice of accounting policy and also the use of artificial transactions to Revenue Recognition. The focus of this study lies more on the Revenue recognition a tool of creative accounting. The Management objective is to maximize shareholders wealth. Sometimes Organizations performance do not always be good to meet this objective, Management may use creative accounting tactics to create a good image of company (find ways to improve results) to meet the objective of shareholders. Also Management use creative accounting to maximize for their own wealth maximization, among other thing is end bonus and salaries increments Literature Review Revenue recognition Financial reporting statements are tools to communicate entity performance to internal and external users of its financial results information. Revenue recognition is important aspect of organizational. The performance organization is measured based on the results from its operations activities and the bottom line (the profit) plays a significant role. Revenue is determinant of performance of Organization since the profit which is indicator of organizational performance is the results of the Organization’s total revenue less total costs.Internation Accounting Standard (IAS) 18 Revenue recognition, specify criteria to meet for revenue to be recognized in Financial Statements. By definition, Revenue is the gross inflow of economic benefits (cash, receivables, other assets) arising from the ordinary operating activities of an entity (such as sales of goods, sales of services, interest, royalties, and dividends) Recognition of revenue, recognition, as defined in the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) Framework, means incorporating an item that meets the definition of revenue (above) in the income statement when it meets the following criteria, that: Its probable that any future economic benefit associated with the item of revenue will flow to the entity, and the amount of revenue can be measured with reliability. As mentioned, each activity has its recognition criteria on top of the one mention. These are as follows; Sale of goods  Revenue arising from the sale of goods should be recognized when all of the  following criteria have been satisfied: i. The seller has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership ii. The seller retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold iii. The amount of revenue can be measured reliably  iv. It is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the seller, and v. The costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably Rendering of services For revenue arising from the rendering of services, provided that all of the following criteria are met, revenue should be recognized by reference to the stage of completion of the transaction at the balance sheet date (the percentage-of-completion method) i. The amount of revenue can be measured reliably; ii. It is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the seller; iii. The stage of completion at the balance sheet date can be measured reliably; and iv. The costs incurred, or to be incurred, in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably. When the above criteria are not met, revenue arising from the rendering of services should be recognized only to the extent of the expenses recognized that are recoverable (a â€Å"cost-recovery approach) Interest, royalties, and dividends For interest, royalties and dividends, provided that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the enterprise and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably, revenue should be recognized as follows: i. Interest: using the effective interest method ii. Royalties: on an accruals basis in accordance with the substance of the relevant agreement iii. Dividends: when the shareholder’s right to receive payment is established Creative Accounting Creative accounting refers to the use of accounting knowledge to influence the reported figures, while remaining within the jurisdiction of accounting rules and laws, so that instead of showing the actual performance or position of the company, they reflect what the management wants to tell the stakeholders. Purposeful intervention in the external financial reporting process with the intent of obtaining some exclusive gain. There are some many ways management can use to practice creative accounting such as choices of accounting policies, use of artificial transactions and revenue recognition. In this study, our main focus will be on later, the revenue recognition. Revenue Recognition is the most manipulated item. Deloitte on its review on what fraud scheme are most common, revenue recognition represent 41% of all fraud schemes in United States between 2000-2006.For Many Companies the revenue figure is a single aggregated big number. Creative accountant has always known that, one of the ways to inflate profit is to inflate revenue. In achieving this goal first they manipulate fair value measurement criteria. The criteria are subjective and depend upon the parties to the transactions integrity. The fair value determination is based on knowledge and willingness of the parties to the transactions. Secondly they recognize revenue before it is earned i.e. pre mature recognition of revenue. In complex transactions which involves the lengthy stages of sale especially with accrual system. The recognition of revenue in terms of its timing can be very unclear, therefore the opportunity for manipulation occurs and this can facilitate premature recognition of revenue. Before looking how revenue recognition link with creative accounting, first we have to look the motive behind Creative accounting. Dr. Syed Zulfiqar Ali Shah and Dr. Safdar Butt in their article Creative Accounting: A Tool to Help Companies in a Crisis or a Practice to Land Them into Crises which also appeared on NBAA journal No.28 of April-June 2010states and explains the following as motives for creative accounting. To meet internal targets The managers want to cook the books for meeting internal targets set by higher management with respect to sales, profitability and share prices. Meet external expectations. Company has to face many expectations from its stakeholders. The Employees and customers want long term survival of the company for their interests. Suppliers want assurance about the payment and long term relationships with the company. Company also wants to meat analyst’s forecasts and dividend payout pattern. Provide income smoothing. Companies want to show steady income stream to impress the investors and to keep the share prices stable. Advocates of this approach favor it on account of measure against the ‘short-termism’ of evaluating an investment on the basis of the immediate yields. It also avoids raising expectations too high to be met by the management. Taxation The creative accounting may also be a result of desire for some tax benefit especially when taxable income is measured through accounting numbers. Change in management There is another important tendency of new managers to show losses due to poor management of old management by some provisions Revenue Recognition as method for Creative accounting practices There are number of ways management use to conduct creative management, among them is revenue recognition. Firms virtually have a free hand in timing the booking of their revenues at any stage starting from the moment sales contracts are signed till the promised product or service has been fully delivered to and accepted by the clients. For this we can refer to a classic example of Microsoft which was heavily fined by US SEC for its manipulative revenue recognition policy. Microsoft recognized only a small percentage (20-30%) as revenue at the time of the sale and remaining amount was kept as provision for future after sales services. Why Microsoft adopted that strategy. The answer is to (1) hide substantial profits, (2) signaling effects, (3) avoiding complacency and last but not the least (4) to report smoothed  earnings to its shareholders & stakeholders.3 Moreover, NBAA Account Journal vol.25 No 4 October –December 2010, outline ways in which Revenue Recognition can be used as a method of creative accounting. This include but not limited to Common revenue Manipulations and channel stuffing, Multiple element arrangements, side letters or agreement and non substantive round trip arrangement, Bill and hold arrangements, backdated contracts and Fictitious transactions Common revenue Manipulations Revenue recognition irregularities often involves both omission and commission acts which are inherently either or both inclusive and exclusive of creative accounting manipulation.In books and records include commissions such as false entries,misstated contracts,back dating,misapplication of accounting standards.Commissions result into overstated revenue,mis-timing of recognition,overstated receivables. Channel Stuffing Channel Stuffing is a practice of bringing revenue forward from future fiscal periods.This is done by inducing customers to submit purchase orders in advance.Channel Stuffing is an example of real earning management which involves manipulation of real or normal operations to influence reported performance. A good example of channel stuffing is Coca cola channel stuffing practice of 1997 to 1999 where coca cola offered downstream bottlers extended credit to induce them to purchase more than demanded. Multiple element arrangements, IAS 18 provides guidance on revenue gain from the normal sale of goods and provision of services. The complex issues that arise from the principle-agent relationship and multiple element arrangement .The revenue collected for third parties is not to be recognized by an entity.For example, in a telecommunication industry, operator firm form alliances and enter into Side letters or agreement This involves act of seller to credit the buyer for unsold goods or to provide future stock rotation rights or to extend payment terms such that a transaction becomes a consignment Bill and hold arrangements, This include the sale of product and performing the warehousing service for the product.It is a contract of supplying goods where the seller transfer the title but does not transfer physically deliver the goods until a later date. The bill and hold arrangement are popular in the oil and gas industry as well as international sales.They are only acceptable when it is probably that the delivery will be made,the items on hand is identified and ready for delivery to the buyer at the time when sale is recognized, the buyer specifically recognizes the differed delivered instructions and the usual payment terms apply. The sale on bill and hold arrangement must satisfy conditions that the seller only retains the goods for safe keeping and shipping and the goods must not used by the seller to fulfill other orders. When these condition are met then sales can be recognized on a bill and hold arrangements. In practice these rules can be violated by seller and this go to be an act of creative accounting. The specific case in point would be on timing of the recognition between years as the transfer of risks and rewards can be distinguish and difficult to uncover. Therefore due to this the Revenue recognition can be shifted forward or backward to suit the needs of the creative accounting. Backdated Contracts Backdating of revenues contracts facilitates early recognition of revenue than normally expected recognition date. Company must comply with any laws, rules and regulations relating to dating documents used in business. Any departure from this may attract litigation because such backdating may amount to fraud, forgery and criminal offenses. Recognition of revenue earlier than its expected date act as a method of creative accounting because the financial statements for early recognition period will not present a true and fair value of the company’s performance, rather performance results from manipulated figure through creative accounting. Genuine Transaction Genuine transactions can also be timed so as to give the desired impression  in the accounts. As an example, suppose a business has an investment at historic cost which can easily be sold for a higher sales price, being the current value. The managers of the business are free to choose in which year they sell the investment and so increase the profit in the accounts Fictitious Transactions Financial Statements are inflated by recording sales of goods or services that never occurred or by inflating actual sales. This is one of the leading malicious manipulations than the other type of earning management because it engrosses documents falsification, forgeryand manipulation. On the other hand fictitious revenue can be accomplished with side agreements, contra agreements (sales that offset a purchase transaction) and conditional sales. Practical Example Xerox Corporation Source: The Wall Street Journal, February 6, 2001 Xerox Corporation had the habit of recognizing leasing payments as sales. In April 2002, after an investigation by the SEC, the American company was forced to reclassify its financial statements for the years 1997 to 2000 and reduce recognized revenues by US$3,000 million and profits by US$1,500 million, with equity being reduced in the same amount. As a result, the SEC fined Xerox US$10 million. By that time, the price of the company’s shares had plummeted from US$62 to US$4.5. How did this company manipulate its revenue figures? Xerox sold customers photocopiers under long-term agreements, in which the customers paid a sum of money to Xerox, part of which was to purchase the machine and the other part to cover repairs and maintenance on a long-term basis. This was not problematic in itself from a bookkeeping perspective, provided that the amount corresponding to the sale price of the machine was recognized as revenue in the first year, plus revenues corresponding to maintenance services in the current year, transferring the rest of the received amount to deferred Revenues, which, in turn, were recorded as sales in the year in which the repair services were rendered. So, if a photocopier, for example, is valued at US$100, and five-year maintenance costs US$50, the customer would pay Xerox US$150 when purchasing the machine. The correct accounting method for recording this operation, if the transaction were performed on 1 January, would be to recognize US$110 of sales in year 1 and US$10 of sales in each of the following four years. Accounting malpractice on the part of Xerox consisted in recognizing US$125 of revenues from the sale of the machine, thus undervaluing the amount of future repair services, recording US$130 as revenues in year 1 and deferring only US$20 over the remaining four years of the contract. In this way, it increased year 1profits substantially and reduced future profits. The total amount of the transaction in sales remained the same (US$150); the problem is simply the timing of the recognition of these sales ENRON Enron and other energy merchants earned profits by providing services such as wholesale trading and risk management in addition to developing electric power plants, natural gas pipelines, storage, and processing facilities. When taking on the risk of buying and selling products, merchants are allowed to report the selling price as revenues and the products costs as cost of goods sold. In contrast an â€Å"agent† provides a service to the customer, but does not take on the same risks as merchants for buying and selling. Service providers, when classified as agents, are able to report trading and brokerage fees as revenue. Enron’s method of reporting inflated trading revenue was later adopted by other companies in the energy trading industry in attempt to stay competitive with the company’s large increase in revenue. Enron’s use of distorted, â€Å"hyper-inflated† revenues was more important to it in creating the impression of innovation, high growth, and spectacular business performance than the masking of debt. Between 1996 to 2000, Enron’s revenues increased by more than 750%, rising from $13.3 billion in 1996 to $100.8 billion in 2000. This extensive expansion of 65% per year was unprecedented in any industry, including the energy industry which typically considered growth of 2-3% per year to be respectable for just the first nine months of 2001; Enron reported $138.7 billion in revenues, which placed the company at the sixth position on the Fortune global 500. Group Discussion Regarding Revenue Recognition The Management objective is to maximize shareholders wealth and this is achieved when the companies they are managing are performing well, recording high revenue figure and a good bottom line figure, the profit. Though this study we have learn that, Revenue recognition and Creative accounting is a tool which is much like a weapon. If used correctly it can be of great benefit to the user but if it is mishandled it can cause much harm. Many people are taking creative accounting as negative act; the image to their mind is that creative accounting is dishonest act and manipulation of figures. Though the study we have learned out that Creative accounting has both advantages and disadvantages. It can help the company to get out of a crisis than land them to a crisis. Therefore our discussion will focus much the advantages of creative accounting as the results of Revenue Recognition to the Organization. Not all aspects of revenue are covered under IAS 18 (Revenue Recognition), which give the room to management to use their judgments which will ends up with results favors position. For example IAS 18 provides guidelines on revenue gain from the normal sale of goods and provision of services. The revenue that arises from the principle-agent relationship and multiple element arrangement is not falls on the two. Deciding whether one operator is acting as an agent in delivering of services is subjective and unclear. Thus the decision will be based on matter of judgment and circumstances of situation. When Management use their judgment to recognize revenue for situation like this we can not say they have manipulated the figure, therefore creative accounting become advantageous to them. Creative accounting also can be used in genuine transactions. For example, the disposal of Investment, the authorization of sale lies on owners but the decision on when to sale is on hands of Management. For example, if the Company have investment of TZS 2m at historical cost which can be easily sold for TZS 3m in current Value, when authorized to sale, the Management of Company are free to choose in which year to sell the investment and to increase profit in the company results. Due to the tendency of Investors preference on smooth income to up and down  income, Management would like to dispose this Investment in the period when they see the entity’s performance is poor. The revenue from sale will help to boost their performance and end up reporting smooth income and help to meet expectations. This is creative accounting, but applied on genuine transaction and according to the requirement of the transaction. Revenue recognition acts as a method of creative accounting but on genuine transaction. The two examples we have discussed explain in brief how weapon, creative accounting could be beneficial to Company. When using creative accounting on in good manner, if the Company is in crisis, can help the company to acquire loans from Bank, to attract Investors and also to motivate employees because not only lenders and Invertors interested with Company Performance, Employees also interested to assure their job security and this is important because will enable the Company to retain their key personnel and also attract more qualified workers Conclusion Creative Accounting is both desirable and undesirable. It depends on the point of one’s argument. The practice of creative management has some advantages and disadvantages. Creative accounting is a tool which helps a company to get out of crisis than to land in it. It is much like a weapon. If used correctly it can be a great benefit to the user. Some advantages of creative accounting as a result of revenue recognition has helped to stabilize share prices, helps/helped companies to straighten their borrowing limits and rescue companies from hostiles takeover. On other hand it has brought more harm to companies especially through untimely corporate failures that have brought immense losses to various stakeholders. Also the improper use of such creative accounting practices had fooled both auditors and regulators in the past and it continues to do the same. The complex and diverse nature of the business transactions and the latitude available in the accounting standards and policies make it difficult to handle the issue of creative accounting. It is not that creative accounting solutions are always wrong. It is the intent and the magnitude of the disclosure which  determines its true nature and justification. Revenue recognition can as a tool can enhance both advantage and disadvantages of creative accounting. When Revenue recognition applied on genuine transaction and company end up with good results it enhance the advantages of using creative accounting practices but the worse of it is when it is used to recognize revenue on artificial transactions and fictitious transactions, this end up landing the company into crisis like ENRON, this is disadvantages of practicing creative accounting. REFERENCE 1. The Accountant. The Journal of the National Board of Accountants and Auditors Tanzania.No.4 October-December,2010 2. The Journal of the National Board of Accountants and Auditors Tanzania.Vol.25 No.28 April-June 2012 3. The Wall Street Journal, February 6, 2001 4. Oriol,Amat:Journal of Economic Literature classification: M41.Creative Accounting: Nature, Incidence and Ethical Issues

Charts And Graph Essay Example For Students

Charts And Graph Essay The number to classes should be between S and IS. Power than 5 classes cause excessive summarization. More than IS classes leave too much detail. Class Width Divide the range by the number Of classes for an approximate class width Round up to a convenient number So if the number of classes Approximate e Class Width is = 6, then Class Width 10 The midpoint of each class interval is called the class midpoint or the class mark. Class Midpoint = class beginning point + =30+D class width The relative frequency is the proportion of the total frequency that is any given class interval in a truculence distribution. Relative Class Interval frequency Frequency 20-under 30 18 40-under SO asunder 70 50 T total 100 The cumulative frequency is a running total of frequencies through the classes of a frequency distribution. Cumulative Class Interdependency 40. Under SO so-under 60 3 49 madder 80 Total Frequency 18 +624 11 + 2435 46 Class IntervalFrequencyMidpointFrequency Frequency 0. Ender 40 40_under 50 ;under 60 under 80 1. 00 The cumulative relative frequency is a running total of the relative truculences through the classes of a truculence distribution, RelativeCumulativeRelative Class Intergovernmentalurgencyurgencyurgency 6. 12 under SO . 22 . 92 3. 06 C=under 80 Histogram vertical bar chart of frequencies Frequency Polygon line graph transiences Give line graph of cumulative frequencies Pie Chart proportional representation tort categories of a whole Class Interval

Affect of Exercise and Diet on Youth Fiitness Research Paper

Affect of Exercise and Diet on Youth Fiitness - Research Paper Example ducators, scholars, trainers and health care professionals emphasize the importance of physical activity and appropriate diet for progressively achieving optimal physical development, health and fitness outcomes particularly for growing children aged 5 to 17 years. Children and adolescents need to develop different basic skills to become good athletes, before training in a particular sport. This is known as multilateral development, â€Å"and it is one of the most important training principles for children and youth† (Bompa, 2000, p.3). Basic physical skills include running, jumping, throwing, catching, tumbling and balancing, and these contribute to children achieving physical coordination. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this research paper is to investigate youth fitness and physical development based on diet and physical activity. The promotion of multilateral physical development of children enhancing biomotor abilities such as strength, power, endurance, speed, flexibility, coordination and agility will be examined. Nutrition is defined as as â€Å"the total of the processes of ingestion, digestion, absorption, and metabolism of food and the subsequent assimilation of nutrient materials into the tissues† (Jeukendrup & Gleeson, 2010, p.2). To ensure that children and young people have optimal reserves of energy, a balanced diet that provides nutrients from all the food groups is essential. â€Å"Food provides nutrients that have one or more physiological or biochemical functions in the body† (Jeukendrup & Gleeson, 2010, p. 2). The six different categories of nutrients are: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals and water. Among these, the macronutrients are: carbohydrate, fat, protein and water, present in comparatively large amounts of more than a few grams in the human diet; while the micronutrients are: minerals and trace elements, of which 1 gram or less is required per day. The three main functions of nutrients can be classified as: the

Compare between TURKEY and USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Compare between TURKEY and USA - Essay Example The country is rich in natural resources such as gold and iron ore with a third of its land arable. Although formally recognized as the republic of Turkey in English, it is also known as Turkiye Cumhuriyeti in Turkish. The country has a total area of 780,580sq km of which 9,820sq km is covered with water. The country had a total population of 73, 722,988 persons as at January 1, 2011 out of which about 18 percent reside in Istanbul. This is mainly because a large percentage of the population resides in cities. The percentage of males is slightly higher than that of women. The population growth rate was 1.45% in 2009. The life expectancy in the country is 71.5 years with employment rate of 43% as at 2010. The major towns in Turkey include Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Bursa, and Adana among others. Out of these towns, Ankara is the capital city from where various administrative activities are carried out. In terms of size, it falls second after Istanbul. Ankara is elevated at 938 metres with a population of about 4.5 million as at 2010. The city is located at Anatolia and commercial and industrial activities carried in there. Moreover, the city hosts all the foreign embassies and has an effective transport infrastructure. The country is divided into 81 provinces in order to easy the administrative process. In terms of its economy, Turkey incorporates agriculture and modern industry. The private sector has been thriving very well and has been a source of employment to the citizens. In the achievement of the economic success, the government has played a significant part in providing reforms that have streamlined the entire process. Environment conservation has been a very crucial aspect in turkey. The country forest covers about a third of the land, which is a significant percentage. In an effort to avoid its exploitation as well as of other natural

Luxury Consumption in China Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Luxury Consumption in China - Literature review Example Despite of these challenges, the luxury industry still is becoming highly attractive as the affordability of consumers is also increasing. As the middle class in the world is gaining strength and becoming more loyal to luxury branded goods, luxury industry still have a number of lucrative market segments to be catered. It was estimated in 2003, that the financial returns of luxury goods manufacturing industry globally was $ 90 billion, which crossed the $ 150 billion mark in 2007. By offering services and products to the untapped market segments, the luxury industry is expected to increase the size of its returns by $ 400 billion by the end of year 2015 (Heaney et al., 2005). As the size of luxury branded goods industry is increasing, the format of business is also changing. Now, luxury goods manufacturing businesses are no more privately or family owned business, but transforming into public limited companies. In this manner, the luxury branded goods industry is attracting investments from all around the world which enables them to invest heavily on research and development to understand consumer behavior. Understanding consumer behavior is essential for expanding the size of luxury businesses into untapped international markets. The understanding of consumer behavior has delivered its fruits in recent years, which is evident from the dramatic expansion of industry’s size in India, China, South Africa and Brazil. Especially China has remained the front runner, where consumers are becoming more brand conscious and spending lavishly on purchase of luxury branded goods (Michman & Mazze, 2006). ... Especially China has remained the front runner, where consumers are becoming more brand conscious and spending lavishly on purchase of luxury branded goods (Michman & Mazze, 2006). Being the fastest growing economy in the world, China offers the biggest market place to luxury brands. The increase in the economic development has resulted in the increase in personal incomes of Chinese consumers. Due to this, a large section of the consumers has formed a market segment which is wealthy and social stimulators, which is described as the â€Å"new rich†. This segment of the market has the tendency to live a celebrity lifestyle and satisfy their desire for expensive and sophisticated goods and services (Dubois et al., 2005). According to a research of Ernst and Young, it was estimated that by the end of 2015, China would account for 29% consumption of luxury goods and services in the world. This rate of consumption would cause China to become the 2nd largest consumer of luxury goods and services in the world. This is the reason, that heavy investments are made by luxury brands to understand the consumer behavior of Chinese consumers, so that the product and marketing strategies can be developed accordingly (Ernst & Young, 2005). Keeping in view the lucrative opportunities available to luxury brands in China, a number of these brands has installed production facilities in the country. These include Bally, Gucci, Ferragamo and Luis Vuitton. Other brands like Zara, Jimmy Choo and others are preparing their action plans to enter Chinese market as a local producer of luxury goods, to take full advantage of lucrative opportunities in the country. Beside factories in China, a number of luxury brands have their subsidiaries, operational facilities and stores in

STUDENT RESPONSE 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

STUDENT RESPONSE 2 - Assignment Example All the strategies needed to be applied, and mostly the locals need to be involved in the strategy plan. Often, people do not see a difference between plan and planning. In my opinion, plan reflects rigidity and planning reflects adaptability and flexibility. This means that planning involves actively discussing the objectives, goals, tasks and strategies needed to accomplish a mission while plan are mere documentations of these discussions. Plans need to be updated on a regular basis because situations change regularly. However, planning is a continued process that assists in achieving goals and keeping on track. Plans are like blue prints to help in success, however planning does not guarantee success yet it is totally necessary to institute the various plans (Canton, 2007). The most common disaster in the United States is flooding. Flooding ranks the highest in property damage. Even though the government does not use potential disasters as a breeding ground for capitalization, disasters are a great opportunity for fraud and corruption both in the private and government sectors. There is urgency in need for service provision during disaster or even the planning. This urgent demand to return the life of a city leads to disregard in quality controls. It might seem unfair for the government to install a flood insurance strategy for non participating communities, but sometimes flooding may occur in unusual locations too, for example the flooding in Colorado in 2013. I agree with the Director of Emergency Management on â€Å"a quick response being a well planned response† (Canton, 2007, p. 262).This is because some of the destructions that occur in a disaster maybe unexpected and the plans may not have catered for them. The aim of disaster management is to restore life first. A quick response therefore reestablishes security, safety, and critical services, which could take longer if a thought out

Disaffirmance of contract Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Disaffirmance of contract - Essay Example Disaffirmance is the act whereby a person is allowed to renounce a contract that he or she entered in void of legal requirements coming from the contract. It is meant to guard the minors from unfair contracts, although it has its drawbacks. Therefore, to void a contract, an individual must show that he or she will not be ready or willing to be bound by the signed contract. For instance, in this case, Mathew Green was a minor therefore liable to disaffirmance of the contract he made with Caruana Chevrolet. The conduct of Mathew Green clearly indicated the he was about to disaffirm the contract since he knew a contract can be disaffirmed at any time as long as he is a minor or until he reaches eighteen. The Caruana Chevrolet had the right to deny repayment of the money that Mathew Green had paid them because when a person below the age of eighteen disaffirms a contract, the property that he or she has transferred can be retained or recovered to the third party, which is the Green famil y. It is significant to note that the law gives the minor the choice of disaffirming the obligations of the contract while the adult parties involved in the contract remain bound by it until the minor decides to disaffirm the contract, they cannot do it. ... The Caruana Chevrolet did not consider these issues while entering into the contract with Mathew Green because they believed that the relationship that existed between Caruana Chevrolet and the Green family could make Mathew Green not disaffirm the contract. There are some important exceptions in the disaffirmance contract in that a person under the age of eighteen is liable for the rational value of provisions of the contract. For instance, When Matthew did not have the car; he used a car pool to get to school and to work. Matthew’s father occasionally drove the car in a carpool with other parents and students. Several months later, the used car, which Matthew purchased, became inoperable due to a blown head gasket and Matthew Green gave notice of his disaffirmance of the contact to Caruana Chevrolet. Therefore, if Mathew Green is given $7,000 as the sale price of the camaro, the court may be required to amend the amount if the reasonable amount for the car is less. In this c ase, the Caruana Chevrolet should refund Mathew Green because the law allows a minor who disaffirms a contract to have his or her demands considered even if the content of the contract is destroyed by the minor. On the other hand, Mathew Green will have to pay some amount to Caruana Chevrolet for the use of their property. In this case, Matthew Green lived about six miles from his school and about one mile from his job and used the Camaro to go back and forth to school and to work. Therefore, he has to pay some money for reasonable value use of the camaro. The law demands that when a minor wants to disaffirm the contract, it should not be done abruptly but on time and in its entirety. In this case, Mathew Green gave notice of his disaffirmance of

Illegal immigrants in the US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Illegal immigrants in the US - Essay Example Intellectuals, officials from the government, and policy analysts have attempted to find out the social, economic, and political aftermaths of illegal immigration. Specifically, there has been intense argument on whether illegal immigrants have positive impacts on the American society and whether they should be allowed to live in America or be deported to their countries of orign. Since the matter relates very much to the nation’s politics and economy, it has become a subject of study and debate (Kenney 21). While various studies have shown that to some extent, immigrants are bad for the American nation, others have shown that they are good for the nation. I believe that illegal immigrants do benefit the American nation and they should be allowed to live in the United States because they provide cheap labor, do not get any benefits from the system, it is morally wrong to dport them, deporting illegal immigrants will be very costly, and that the United States was built from imm igrants. Numerous surveys show that a consensus exists amongst scores of policy analysts and economists of the fact that both illegal and legal immigration is beneficial to the economy as gives net boost to the economy, provide cheap labor, broaden the market for goods and services, and reduce the cost of goods and services (West 430). Inarguably, illegal immigrants are good mainly for the labor market as they take up low-paying jobs that American citizens and some legal migrants might not want. They supply labor to industries at a cost that is relatively lower. Since many illegal workers are desperate for work, they are prepared to accept lower pay unlike actual citizens and legal immigrants. This is critical because it assists in the reduction of many industries’ labor costs and hence boosts their effectiveness (Kenny 55). Additionally, they increase consumer demand as they broaden the market for goods and services. This is because they lead to an

Internet Addiction and Depression Statistics Project

Internet Addiction and Depression - Statistics Project Example Chien, et al. (2005) argues that despite the great benefits brought about by the internet, it has led to adverse effects to some of its users. Internet addiction and depression has been cited as one of the major problem brought about by the internet (Oreilly, 1999). Internet addiction and depression is a major problem afflicting some of the internet users. According to Block (2008), internet addiction can be defined as the excessive use/ overuse of technological devices that can provide access to internet such as computers and phones in such a way that they interfere with one’s daily life. Internet addiction includes the following activities; excessive gaming on the internet, blogging, e- mailing, online social networking, internet shopping, and inappropriate pornography use (Young 2009). However, it is important to note that activities such as playing computer games or reading are only considered troubling/ addiction to an extent that these activities are interfering with a person’s normal life (Welsh, 1999). Related to internet addiction is internet related depression, which is defined as a mental/ psychological disorder that is characterized by loss of interest or pleasure, an all- encompassing low mood, and low self- esteem in an event that internet is withdrawn from an addicted person’s life (Bessiere, 2010). Bellamy and Hanewicz (2001) explain that internet depression can also take the form of an internet addict substituting friendships, which are meaningful, and socializing with internet’s virtual contacts, hence having adverse effects on his or her mental wellbeing. Morrison (2010) argues that their study proved that internet addiction and internet depression are strongly linked but the nature of that relationship is what is yet to be established. Armstrong (2001) says that it is not known, which comes first- whether internet cause depression or depressed people are drawn to

Great Balls of Flowers Essay Example for Free

Great Balls of Flowers Essay Throughout Steve Abees’s book Great Balls of Flowers the reoccurring themes that arise are sex, love, family and life. Within each poem he threads in a minimum of two themes, interweaving them so all the themes eventually overlap. The themes of sex, love and family are each representative of a major component of his life. His book gives readers insight as to what Abee is thinking and feeling within each poem, making them extremely personal for the reader. The title of the book was seemingly derived from Jerry Lee Lewis’s Song â€Å"Great Balls of Fire† which was written in 1957 on the movie based on Jerry Lee Lewis which was released in 1989. The movie discusses Lewis’ controversial life and his rise and fall as a rock star. Lewis suffered from substance abuse and resorted to alcoholism when times got bad. His song â€Å"Great Balls of Fire† is purely sexual discussing the arousal of a man, this song was one of Lewis’ major hits. Abee’s title â€Å"Great Balls of Flowers† is so appropriate especially with his replacement of fire with flowers. Flowers hold the softer connotation of love and peacefulness as Abee explains how he’s overcome his issues with the love he feels and receives from his family. Within select poems his love for his wife and children are startlingly apparent. He portrays himself with raw emotions that seem unbreakable. In the poem â€Å"Poem to my Wife†, he states, â€Å"I love you so much that when I touch you my fingers turn into miniature suns shining. † His portrayal of everlasting love and lust for his wife gives the reader insight as to his most personal and inner thoughts and emotions. Because of the rawness and bluntness of his emotions It is evident his poetry was used as an escape for Abee. His attachment to his wife leads the reader to think as a child there were issues with his family. Romance isn’t the only type of love Abee discusses, as he also mentions the love he has for his children. For his youngest daughter, Abee states â€Å"her voice opens me like breath. † He continues on to state â€Å"I’m trying to be good now Im trying not to be bad†, this gives the reader the idea that his children are now the motivation for him. It seems as if he had previously struggled with a personal issue that has disappeared because of the arrival of his children. Substance abuse seems appropriate as he refines it in the poem â€Å"Sucks† when he says â€Å"beer sucks. It’s good but it sucks. Marijuana sucks Crystal Meth sucks so bad. † His allusions to these substances would tie in as a strong connection to the title, â€Å"Great Balls of Flowers. † Abee never fails to insert a sexual innuendo within the majority of his poems. One example of his sexual references arise in the poem â€Å"Gas†, Abee states â€Å"when I lick your secrets, bombs begin to fall from your thighs. † His continual sexual references tie in greatly with the title, Great Balls of Flowers because it alludes to the 1957 hit song discussing sex. Sex seems to be a dominant theme throughout the book, as it was throughout many of Jerry Lee Lewis’ songs as well. Abee’s continuous blunt sexual references free him from the shackle soft society as he isn’t scared to discuss topics that seem controversial. His direct statements give the book a potent feel and, honest take on life. As the book goes on you can see the meniscal details in life that are typically overlooked are what Abee thrives upon. His poems are real portrayals of his daily routine and it gives the reader a personal connection with him and his mindset. Great Balls of Flowers consists of poems covering the themes of sex, love, family and life. His title is so appropriate these four themes are the pieces of Abee’s life which he discusses in his poetry giving readers in insight into his alternative perspective on life and love. Throughout Great Balls of Flowers Steve Abee uses imagery to help develop his tone and themes in his various poems. His use of imagery creates a clear picture that the reader can connect with. Those images, which are typically familiar to the reader help the reader, better understand the point Abee is trying to make. Abee uses a mix of concrete imagery alongside symbolic imagery, creating numerous layers for the reader to divulge in as the poems go on. One example of the imagery used is in the poem â€Å"Hail to the Things I Can Not See. † Abee states â€Å"Oh wind keeping seagulls aloft, squawking and hovering over my daughters and my hot dogs at Santa Monica Pier. † His use of imagery in this quote sets the setting for this poem. Along with it building a setting, it gives the poem a nostalgic feel because that’s where the author grew up. The familiar sounds he describes connect the reader to the beach, which carries light and happy connotations, reinforcing the nostalgic feel while integrating the positive tone. The city scape imagery portrays Abee as a city boy, giving readers an image of him. His juxtaposition of the city scene with more symbolic imagery gives the reader insight to what he sees life as helping him break free from the connotations that come with â€Å"city boy†. The stanza after the one previously stated says, â€Å"oh the gravity that holds the trees up and my bones together†, using imagery in more of a symbolic sense. Although gravity is something not visible to the human eye, Abee portrays it in a way that is viable to the reader. The contrast of the tangible with the symbolic give the poem a deeper feel. Another example of imagery can be seen in the poem, â€Å"Poem to My Wife†, Abee states â€Å"the innocent sea shore of our kiss, where hippies play on tambourine brain fried ukulele and we dance on crab grass sand†. His use of imagery in this quote not only sets the scene for this particular stanza but sets the mood for the entire poem. His use of the word ukulele gives the reader the view of the upbeat instrument that plays purely cheerful melodies, while the sand gives the reader an image of the beach giving the poem a bright tone. As he explains how they dance to the upbeat tunes, the reader can feel the joy radiating off the happy couple. This portrayal of why Abee is so infatuated with this wife, not only gives readers an insight into his marriage but an insight to his heart and what makes him happy. Within the poem previously discussed Abee states, â€Å"words†¦ rising up into a ball of Christmas lights, poof, explosion of holiday love. † This use of imagery is purely symbolic; words are personified to express his love for his wife giving the reader an idea of how extreme his passion is for his mate. His use of the image â€Å"Christmas Lights† give off the connotations of the holiday which is centered on love and happiness. These connotations give the poem an upbeat and warm tone, while the reader starts to see Abee in a different more loving sort of light. Along with the holiday connotations, his use of words like explosion give the poem a more passionate and yearning sort of feel, giving readers visuals of the intensity of his love. Abee’s use of imagery greatly constructs the tone and theme of the poem. Throughout the book there are instances where symbolic and tangible imagery contrast, following the same sort of pattern showed in this poem. This contrast sets the setting then divulges into Abees inner thoughts, giving readers a better perception of the author and a deeper understanding of his poetry. Throughout Great Balls of Flowers Steve Abee uses personification, similes and metaphors in various poems. Each of these devices holds a different effect over the reader, emphasizing and creating different images for the reader. Each example of figurative language holds a different effect on the reader but in all the point of the insertions of the figurative language is to accentuate the purpose of each poem. Steve Abee uses various similes in the poem, â€Å"Poem to my Wife†, one example of this can be seen in the quote, â€Å"loving you is like surfing the wave of benevolent impulse. † In this poem he is describing the intese love he feels for his wife and uses a simile to explain to the reader the extensity of his overwhelming emotions for her. Using the word benevolent describes the gentleness of the love the duo share while impose gives readers a sense of the intensity that kindness carries. Abee compares the love they share to surfing a wave giving readers a familiar image to compare the ‘ride† he feels with her. The insertion of a metaphor adds another layer to the poem , leaving room for interpretation from there reads, which contrasts well as Abee is explaining like his poetry , his love for his wife has numerous layers. Within the poem previously discussed, Abee uses personification to further explain the love he feels for his wife. The quote goes as follows, â€Å"But it (poem) wouldn’t be able to help itself. † Abee is explaining what a poem to his wife would consist of, and that is where he inserts the above quote. The use of personifications gives the reader a sense of how alive his love for his wife is. The intensity of his love can’t be explained with the used of an inanimate object so personifying the poem gives his love an image. Along with the aspect of imagery rat personification brings, it sets a tone for the entire poem. The personification of the â€Å"poem† gives the literal poem a loud but allusive tone. In the poem â€Å"Gas Station†, the entire first stanza consists of metaphors, Abee states, â€Å"Steve Abee is a gas station. † To start things off the first impression this holds on the reader is a whirlwind of thoughts in hope to analyze what he could possibly mean by this statement. As he continues on he states numerous other figures are â€Å"gas stations† such as Jesus Christ, and Jack Kerouac. Continuing on he states how gas stations are â€Å"lonesome and lovely† and sit on the â€Å"edge of a sandy skirt desert†. His descriptions of gas stations set the tone for the poem as morbid and sad  as the reader is visualizing a delegate area that people use then leave. Both Fries and Christ underwent great suffering throughout their lives which ultimately resulted in their deaths, which connects to the end of the stanza where Abee states, â€Å"As we move from seashore to graveyard. † Using the metaphor not only on himself but on other figures not only gives readers an image to connect his emotions to but it also shows readers that personally this is what he perceives life as, a journey where humans are used and abused , then die. His metaphor emphasizes his main idea for that poem while accentuating the tone that is apparent throughout the rest of the poem. Abee uses all these forms of figurative language to emphasize are ideas and highlight the tones that are seen in his various poems. They also all help connect back to the main themes which can be seen throughout the poem. In all each device helps give readers the image in which Abee intends from them to see, while showing readers how he personally feels. If I was to write a poem to you it would go something like this As I sit and reminisce, a wave of nostalgia overcomes me, leaving me choking and gasping for relief, as I drown in memories of forgotten promises faded secrets Next, id talk about how your laugh was like the church bells ringing on Sunday morning, clear and crisp in the sunny sky, particles of sound dancing with the rhythm of love If I were to write you a poem I would use words like gifted and good, the gentle gem in a mound of rocks, something like that. I would have pointless passages explaining the magnetic pull we felt between us, I would illuminate the page with the sparks we once shared, fireworks over a lake of washed out feelings, calmly disappearing into a an abyss of darkness If I was going to write you a poem it would have words It would have words describing our love, words only cupid knows, words of joy and happiness. Words to explain how you make me feel , words that would flow out of my mouth into my hand and onto paper like a stream flows into the ocean, twisting and turning then eventually colliding with the salty sea water, slowly integrating themselves till they are one. To be honest the poem I would write would have a dark side, a side of sadness and longing, unreasonably irrational and unhealthily attached. I would say things like I miss you and come back. I love you more than you could ever know; I need you more than the grass needs rain. Your love warms me and keeps me alive, your love completed me. The poem would say you can’t love another, you can only love me. I would say please come back, I would say Im sorry. I would say we were perfect together, we were soul mates. I would say no one else can hold you; no one else can touch you or call you theirs. The poem would say how could you? How could you love another, how could you be with another or kiss another. How could you leave me? The poem would be like that, angry. Yes angry, sad, mournful and dark, with flashes of light flickering in the darkness. The poem would be sealed in a bottle, and thrown into space, where it only company would be the sun, until eventually it would fade away, never to be read by my forgotten love.

Art Experiences Essay Example for Free

Art Experiences Essay I have been doing art for as long as I can remember. From the time I was in Kindergarden to my senior year in high school Ive been doing arts and crafts. Ive had art teachers, vacation bible school leaders, and my parents teaching me how to create things my whole life. I usually only recieve art instruction when I sign up for art courses. Ive completed all sorts of art projects including paintings, clay, abstract, landscapes and all other types of activities. I had two very good art instructors in high school and they were very critical and rewarding and that probably is why I enjoy art as much as I do. Ive had a very broad range of activities from drawing with charcoal and pencils to painting and sculptings. For the most part most of my art activities werent holiday centered they were more of your own imagination and ideas. All of my art projects were graded on pretty specific grading rubrics. It measured how much you worked on it and made sure that you followed all of the necessary guidelines. I have had a great experience with art in my past and Im excited to learn more about it. My strengths in art I would say would be that I really enjoy drawing and shading pictures of things and my weakness is that I dont really know that much about the history of art and where it all came from. Art relates to society very much so. Advertising is used everywhere you go and you wouldnt have that without art skills. I am very excited to learn more about the history of art and sharpen up my old art skills.

Example Essay On Developing Communication Skills In Nursing Essay

Example Essay On Developing Communication Skills In Nursing Essay Nurses largely affect society in the health care system by helping, supporting and caring for an individual, a whole family or even an entire community. While in the medical surroundings, the nurse becomes the primary contact for the patient in care and spends a lot of time with them. Before approaching a nursing care situation a nurse needs to clear all judgments and respect every individual, as there are many different religions, morals and personal beliefs in the world today. Therefore nurses need to develop the ability of quality communication skills which helps to create great interpersonal relationship skills in nursing. Communication and interviewing are both skills needed to develop interpersonal relationships within the nursing environment. Communication skills are the first skills noticed in a person. Effective communication skills are crucial for nurses. When first greeting a patient or person the individual level of communication is most evident. Communication has two main elements, verbal and non-verbal. Verbal communication is the use of languages, words, sounds and letters and non-verbal communication is that which is only seen, such as body language, gestures and other signs of the human body (Eunson 2008: 260). While in a hospital-like environment, all aspects of communication skills are needed because of the variety of people you need to communicate with. The use of rich vocabulary is important in educating and informing patients although the nurse needs to make sure the patient understands the information given (Dallas Sully 2005: 50). Listening is also a very important communication skill needed in nursing. Nurses need to have the ability to actively listen to doctors and patients needs to give quality care. Through listening, nurses put aside their own perceptions and demonstrate acceptance and respect for those they are listening to (Dallas Sully 2005: 50). An effective way to demonstrate active listening is to be aware of the body language used. By not using eye contact, fidgeting and doing other tasks which distract the nurse while with the patient may decrease effective communication. Another important communication skill is the ability to accurately record written information. This is a very important skill as without clear concise notes recording the patients vital signs, the quality and consistency of care may be at risk. These notes are a form of communication given to the doctor to assist in determining the patients diagnosis and continuing care. Without effective communication, the interviewing process may be dramatically affected. The foundation of an interpersonal relationship is in the interviewing and assessment process. Interviewing is the first very important process in a nursing care plan. This process is when the nurse interviews the patient to determine details of their current health, history and personal needs and ways in which the nurse can meet the patients needs (Crisp Taylor 2009: 262). Before conducting an interview, multiple things must be considered such as the people present, the environment and how much time is available to the nurse. Interviewing can be very invasive for a patient; this is why we need to consider their privacy in the hospital and around family. The environment surrounding the patient can also limit the information you will get from the patient in the interviewing process and inhibit a comfortable and trusting nurse-client relationship (Dallas Sully 2005: 80). Interviewing skills involve the use of other communication skills including questioning skills, explanation skills and also the ability to communicate with relatives of the patient (Dallas Sully 2005: 75). There are multiple ways in which a question can be asked. A nurse must have the ability to determine how questions should be asked depending on the topic, circumstance and environment. If a question that is asked needs an elaborate answer an open question may be used, this allows the patient to answer with full detail which can lead to other answers required for the nursing assessment (Crisp Taylor 2009: 263). Closed questions are used in a variety of situations; they allow an answer to be given specifically and limit explanation (Crisp Taylor 2009: 263). After asking a question it is sometimes necessary to clarify with the patient the answer they have given, this is the use of explanation and paraphrasing skills (Dallas Sully 2005: 49,79). Explanation and paraphrasing skills are also important to give information to the doctor, patient and relatives. The interviewing process enables the beginning of a nurse-client interpersonal relationship. Therapeutic relationships with patients are essential in nursing. Communication skills and the interaction level which is given to the patient ultimately influences the comfort and trust levels which the patient will feel, this then has effect on the interpersonal relationship (Chitty 2005: 491). Interpersonal relationships in nursing have three phases; establishing the relationship, building the relationship and the ending of the relationship (Stein-Parbury 2009: 42-48). Establishing the relationship is the initial interaction between the nurse and client, and is when trust and comfort are introduced (Stein-Parbury 2009: 42-45). Building the relationship is when the nurse and patient have an understanding of each other and the expectations of care (control and power) (Stein-Parbury 2009: 46,47). Ending the relationship happens for a number of reasons for example the patient recovers, the nurse moves placement area or the death of the patient. This stage can be emotional for both the nurse and patient. The use of effective communication must be used throughout the interpersonal relationship to establish appropriate knowledge that a nurse has. Interpersonal relationships are important in the nursing environment as it enables the most possible quality care to the patient. A nurse-patient relationship enables the patient to be comfortable and allow maximum recovery while in care. A good interpersonal relationship with a patient can also develop into relationships between the nurse and the patients family. This helps in assisting the family with information needed and assists to comfort the patients family that their family member is being cared for at the highest standard, as expected. The relationship also establishes a good nursing rapport which gives the nurse confidence and also helps with future interpersonal relationships. A reflection piece on nursing skills exercised is an excellent way to help develop and maintain great quality skills that help the nurses care to patients. This reflection piece is on my interviewing process with a role played 49 year old woman with a two pack-a-day smoking habit for 35 years who has bronchitis. As this was the first time I had used the communication, interviewing and assessment skills that I had learnt I felt a little nervous and not confident to begin with. Many things were good with my overall interviewing process for example my verbal and non-verbal communication skills. I felt I was very conscious of my body language ensuring I was actively listening at all times. I also used the reviewing and paraphrasing skills to confirm I understood correctly what the patient was informing me of. This then also reassured the patient I was listening. I feel that it took a while for me to feel comfortable and confident in my communication skills therefore the patient didnt seem comfortable with me until half way through the interview. If I couldve been more confident in the beginning the patient may have felt more comfortable and trusting of me, this wouldve also helped our further interpersonal relationship. Another skill which needs more work is my questioning skills, being conscious of what questions need to be open or closed. With more practice I think I will feel more comfortable and confident in myself, which will then help to bring out my communication skills to full potential. This will help me in the future with interviewing process and help me develop into a high quality nurse. Nursing has many crucial elements which are necessary to ensure a good quality of care. The nursing process is developed to encourage individualised care; this then achieves meeting all patient needs in and out of the hospital setting. Effective communication skills include the use of verbal and non verbal language, vocabulary, listening and written record taking skills. The nursing interview and assessment process is a part of the nursing care plan which is a crucial process to enable a nurse to assess a patient to full potential. These both help to develop a therapeutic interpersonal relationship which is increasingly important for both the patient and their family. The relationship allows a patient to trust and feel comfortable with the people surrounding them while being cared for. These important nursing skills enable the highest quality of care for all patients in the nursing environment. Words: 1424

Red Badge Of Courage :: Essays Papers

Red Badge Of Courage Throughout the story many settings appear, the most important one is the battlefield. The time is 1862, which is the period of the Civil War. The story begins at dawn on a cold morning when the army rests by campfires on some hills. As a tall soldier, who later becomes known as Jim Conklin, washes his shirt at the river, he hears a rumor. He rushes to tell his comrades that the regiment will move the following day. When the loud soldier, Wilson, hears this rumor, he argues with Jim that it is a lie. While this argument is taking place, the youthful soldier and main character in the story, Henry Fleming, is listening attentively. He then thinks what his reaction to fighting in battle will be. A flashback to when he first enlisted against his mother’s wishes occurs. He remembers fantasies of glorious and bloody wars of times past. Henry thinks that war is a courageous adventure. This transports us to a different setting at his farmhouse. During this time, the people live a simple life mostly based on agriculture. The youth also recalls his mother’s lecture before departing. â€Å"She could . . . give him many hundreds of reasons why he was vastly more important on the farm than on the field of battle† (p. 4). His mother warns him about taking care of himself and staying away from bad companions. His mother’s character symbolizes many different concepts. Because of the era in which the story takes place, one can imagine that this woman is uneducated. Her farming lifestyle implies that she is a hard-worker, especially since no father-figure is present in the household. This image also sets an earthy, or realistic, tone contrasting with Henry’s fantasizing. Her simple actions, such as knitting him socks, and farewell speech show her motherly love, which represents motherhood. In this mental setting, one learns of Henry’s emotions about his mother and his views about war. He struggles with the idea of what his reaction will be to a real battle. The notion that he might run penetrates his thoughts. Running would prove that he is not courageous or heroic and that his fantasies of triumph in war are just fantasies. The more he imagines himself fighting, the more he â€Å". . . failed in an effort to see himself standing stoutly in the midst of them,† them being the threats of the future attacks (p.

Julie Wolpers Internet Basics :: Julie Wolper

Internet Basics Julie Wolper's "Internet Basics" was originally offered by the Telecommunication Community Resource Center and represents a growing phenomena on the Web -- the free course. In fact, this is not so much a course as it is a self-directed tutorial, an outgrowth of the early guided learning modules that first appeared in PLATO and in early DOS and Macintosh programs. Wolper's work offers its users a brief guide to the Internet (along with an introduction written by Dan Duvall). It includes descriptions of such technologies as the Web, downloads, e-mail and newsgroups, a collection I found oddly conceived till I worked through the site: the technologies chosen all fit within her stated vision of the Internet: ". . . a network of linked computers allowing participants to share information on those computers." Given that understanding and conceptualization of the Internet (and it's one that is certainly defensible, if not one that is rapidly becoming the standard), her choices make perfect sense. And her information is very down to earth, succinct and accurate; her brief summation of the history of the Internet, for instance, is right on the button, and useful for helping new users begin to think about the issues involved in using and being part of the Web. Though the site is decidedly kinesthetic in its approach -- users are often enjoined to "try" this and links take them to places where the technology they've just installed can be used. But the instructions can often be mercilessly brief and I wonder if newcomers could hope to follow them without more step by step instruction: Set up a "downloads" area: The first step here is to create a new folder or directory on your hard drive entitled, simply, "downloads." This file can reside anywhere you like. I keep mine on the "desktop" where I can easily find the new things I get. Some people also find it helpful to put the "download" directory at the root level of their c: drive. How many new time users are guaranteed to know how to create a folder at all, let alone locate it on their desktop? Admitted, knowing how to create a folder is not strictly speaking part of the content of a course about using online technology, but it's certainly germane.

Descriptive Essay - The Woods in Autumn -- Descriptive Essay, Descripti

The Woods in Autumn      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is not true that the close of a life which ends in a natural fashion- --life which is permitted to put on the display of death and to go out in glory- --inclines the mind to rest.   It is not true of a day ending nor the passing of the year, nor of the fall of leaves.   Whatever permanent, uneasy question is native to men, comes forward most insistent and most loud at such times.   There are still places where one can feel and describe the spirit of the falling of leaves.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At Fall, the sky which is of so delicate and faint a blue as to contain something of gentle mockery, and certain more of tenderness, presides at the fall of leaves.   There is no air, no breath at all.   The leaves are so light that they sidle on their going downward, hesitating in that which is not void to them, and touching at last so intangible to the earth with which they are to merge, that the gesture is much gentler than a greeting, and even more discr...

Human Resource control Essay

I want to first start off by saying thank you for the opportunity to handle such an important and sensitive matter such as the internal control for the LJB Company. First and foremost I want you to be aware of the requirements of your company if you do decide to go public. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) which was passed by congress requires all publicly traded U.S corporations to maintain an adequate system of internal control. Corporate executives and boards of directors like yourself must ensure that these controls are reliable and effective. In addition, independent outside auditors must attest to the adequacy of the internal control system. Companies that fail to comply are subject to fines, and company officers can be imprisoned. LJB Company is currently doing some things well that I suggest they continue. The use of pre-numbered invoices allows for missing or undocumented invoices to be caught quickly. This practice is considered a documentation procedure under internal controls. Having two managers approve new hires helps ensure a good fit. It’s good that the accountant completes bank reconciliation. While using a bank is a form of control for cash, the reconciliation enables LJB to make sure there are no errors between what the bank and what they have on the books. There are a number of practices by LJB that don’t deter fraud and would need to be changed before considering going public. Segregation of duties: The duties for handling assets need to be separated amongst multiple employees. Employees that handle cash should not be involved in the bank reconciliation or invoices. Employees responsible for purchasing should not have any payment or reconciliation duties. By segregating duties, there is more than one person involved in the sales and purchasing cycle so that one person cannot be behind a fake transaction or remove cash or purchased assets without it being noticed by another. Access to assets: All employees should not have access to petty cash. The cash should be locked and those with a key should ensure proper documentation for cash distributed to be sure it is authorized. The person responsible for reconciling the petty cash should do so randomly to deter its abuse. As far the indelible ink machine I see no problem printing your own checks as long as you use pre-numbered check stock paper to write the checks. Otherwise you will not know that you have accounted for every check written. Also, this is an area of responsibility that should be segregated. The person responsible for printing the checks should not have the authority to sign them. This will help insure they are not writing checks to themselves. LJB should consider purchasing the indelible ink printer once they have the manpower to have the duties segregated. By using indelible ink, the checks printed will be harder to change once printed, which is a good physical control of cash. Paycheck Lock-Up: Although the accountant is locking the employee’s paychecks over the weekend, he should actually be locking them at all times. Anytime the accountant steps away from their desk and these checks are not locked, sensitive employee information is vulnerable. Background checks: I recommend that LJB implement the Human Resource control of conducting background checks of all employees before officially hiring. This way they will discover if the potential employee has a past that could negatively impact the company (fraud, theft, other criminal activity) Passwords: Passwords are a key control preventing employees from accessing data outside of their duties and changing transaction data from initial amounts to cover up errors, fraud or theft. Everyone should have an individual password and not reveal it to another. Changing passwords periodically is a best practice. I hope that LJB finds this report helpful and that it prepares them for potentially going public.

The bard by john martin

Hi layer paintings ere then considered as the stately style of painting even though these paintings never really caught on in the British market, mainly due to their enormous dimensions. On the contrary, decorate was considered a economic crisis genre. Despite these impediments, both of them had successful c arers and raised(a) landscape to the height of historical paintings. another(prenominal) characteristic both painters shared was the comprehension of the Sublime in their art, which was very ordinary at the time. According to E. Burkes definition, the Sublime focuses on darkness, vastness, magnificence, loudness and denseness.I will analyze how when commenting on the painting The grace. Turners paintings had greatly Impressed Martin save if their approach to historical paintings was quite different. They both portrayed grandiose archetypes of history and told stories or so the Immensity of nature compared with the smallness of men. besides when Turner was more int erested in fate and how men were powerless in the immensity of nature,John Martin oriented his works towards the predict and the representation of grand biblical themes stir by the Old Testament.John Martins paintings were mainly base on religious and fantastic subjects. His around celebrated works were Pallbearers Feast, The non bad(p) day of his Wrath, the Destruction of Stood and echogram or the Seven Plagues of Egypt, amongst others. The fancy up does not belong to this category but is appease one representation of his conception of his art. It Is base on ancient British history. Martins Bard was first exhibited In 1817 and Is an Illustration rack up poem, the Bard, written In 1757 by doubting Thomas Gray.The mom tells the story of the last living decorate In Wales who climbed above a swirling river after Edward I and the English troop defeated the country. Martin Is telling us virtually word for word the same story. This is both a poetical painting as the fig up was the official poet of the ruler and his greet and a political painting line drawing the king and his troops. This painting is huge in size (it is over 2 meters high). The story told is divided by the river which creates a chasm among the twain halves of the minting, one with its chiaroscuro side with the bard overcoming the other side with the military.In the left bring out the dwarfed figures of the king and his soldiers overpowered by the castle which contempt the defeat still stands erect. On the right- turn over side, there are rocky cliffs, on top of which the bard stands erect steady on his two feet, proudly belongings his harp. His too being In the bring out but so much high conveys the moral disparity between the two parties. His left hand points towards the sky, the bard Is the seer who he Is telling the king that penalisation ill come, not through tender hands but through the Delve.There are hardly any warm tones, only some dark red on the figures, linking them, there is no doubt that ambience and adds to the tragedy of the story told. Although the figures are meaning(a) in order to tell the story, the landscape is the focus of the story, it is the drama that overpowers all other impressions. The wild, chaotic landscape with its spectacular effects, the vastness of the scale and the power of the noble bard give a full representation of the sublime.Also, we, as risers, are safe but, similar the soldiers, we are compelled to look up at the Bard and the Divine could also break us. We have great admiration for the Bard who, we know, will commit suicide, but we also fear what fate has in stock for us. Although John Martins paintings gradually fell into limbo after his death, his paintings have recently been exhibited and commented upon. His works have inspired many use up makers and he is now considered a cinematic painter. One example is C. B. De Mille, Moses in his take away the Ten Commandments has a striking resemblance with th e Bard.

Ode to the west wind †questions and answers Essay

What is the tactual sensation of Stanza I? Explain.Stanza I has a tone of calm and sensuality created in it. The poet is only depicting the real image he sees in front of him, explain the mo nonony of an surrender Day conversing with the rustle. There are no feelings refer in the depiction of the nature.How is the wind both evil and preserver?Shelley characterizes it as a destructive and horrific force, yet it is also a harbinger of the ineluctable coming of Spring. It is, therefore, both Destroyer and Creator, and Shelley sees the West whirl as a symbol of the regeneration which willing follow the destruction and death of Winter. The West wrench is celebrated as a harbinger of novel creation, manifested in Spring, and also feared for its destructiveness and great power.What is the tone of Stanza II? How does the generator describe the clouds?In Stanza II we muster the poet to be rather uncertain and concerned with the vehemence and terror of air storms. This would also be the tone of this stanza. Shelley seeks to emphasize the terrifying phantom of the storm scene, with its darkness and associations with death. The clouds are described as being dark, stormy, prognosticate a bad, ill tempered mood or aura.Why is the poet using the imagery of waves in this metrical composition about the Wind? What is the relationship between the Wind and the waves?The waves are powerful just like the winds are. They forcefully hit anything they encounter. The Wind and the waves disturb the monotony of nature, dirty and disturbing it, sharing this way one exchangeable characteristic. The waves power is similar to the one that the Wind has.What is the author communicate for in Stanza IV?Shelley likes himself, to a leaf, a cloud, and a wave, subject to the force of the West Wind, and needs to be borne aloft with it. He is asking, in effect, for a invert to the raw power and energy he tangle and knew as a child. In separate words, Shelley is asking the force that provides inspiration to act through him.How does Shelley fate to be used by the wind in Stanza 5? What should his role in society be? How do you feel about this poesy?At this point Shelley makes the direct connection with his need to be inspired by seeing the winds force, and the impact made by the wind on forests, creating harmonies in his own mind and verse.The wind as a form of inspiration will enable him to spread his message across the universe. He hopes that understructure social change or rebirth of individualised inspiration could be accomplished without violence.I accede with him about accomplishing things without violence, but I am not so sure about the way he describes or wants to achieve it. The final effect of the poem is ambivalent, a mixture of depression and hope. I get hold a certain degree of uncertainty in him. He characterizes the wind and the clouds as being violent, bedspread terror, and dangerous, while I think that is a in truth preposterous opin ion he has, and should make it frank that that is just his opinion, and it is not necessarily true because other people might think differently.I palpate insecurity in him, and with his poem is transmitting it to the reader. infixed phenomenon has nothing to do with his capabilities as a person. He is getting old, and that is life I believe he is being very stubborn and unreasonable to ask for power, force, and energy from the Wind, and at the same time surpass negative qualities to it.

Literary Devices in The Kite Runner Essay

symbolic representation I vision that lawla flowers go away summit in the streets of capital of Afghanistan over again and rubab medicine lead runaway in the samovar signboards and kites exclusivelyow for flee in the skies. scallywag 218 In his garner to ameer, Hasaan duologue round the lawla flowers and practice of medicine to represent the ecstasy of capital of Afghanistan, and the kites direct propel him of bliss or else of the poisonous memories of the past. illustration handle wolves aspect at a stack of sheep summon 219 This is study the Talibs to wolves, because they were so humble looking. The greed was in their eyes, and you could think how overmuch it had consumed their thoughts. They were or so to contend the house kindred wolves contend sheep.Flashback I call up hotshot mean solar day we were plant tulips, when I asked Baba if hed ever count getting rude(a) servants. Hassans non passing anyw here, hed barked. Hes staying off ice here with us where he belongs, this is his home, and we be his family pageboy 225 amir is in the end realizing all of the prefigurative that Hasaan was his brother. He straight off knows why Baba got gruesome when he asked somewhat getting mod servants, and why he cried when they left. resemblance I disembodied spirit standardised a holidaymaker in my profess country. rapscallion 231 Amir compares himself to a tourist, because he is so utilize to America, and capital of Afghanistan has changed so much. He doesnt lay down how naughtily it has really gotten until he is ride by dint of the midpoint of Kabul with Farid.

Effects of Christianity on Behaviour, Attitude and Lifestyle Essay

in that respect could be no much(prenominal) things as prison house house house house in a authentic in e unfeignedlyy Christian purchase say.I value a in truth Christian order is establish on the sustenance and statement of messiah, this repre directation we essential come the 10 pedagogyments and the gospel truth values. At the rawness of Christian ordination there should be universe of jockey, compassion, mercy, justness to criminals. the Naz atomic number 18ne moderate was to making love your God, cope your neighbor and love vivification yourself. By obeying these commandments we be cosmos Christ-the same(p)s of which is what the Christian bon ton is all about. for motherness does non signify permit passel fling all e rattlingwhere you nonwithstanding it is important. Christianity follows messiah article of faith in stressing that forgiveness is vital. It may be very hard, peculiarly for the victim of a offense. The rip giv e-and-take was a par sufficient that showed forgiveness.The prison is the intend to ransom the punishment, the demurral of freedom. The convicted atomic number 18 jailed as a punishment, non for punishment. Her highnesss prison house supporter attend tos the experienceence by guardianship in keep those committed by the courts. Our duty is to seem later them with humaneity and sustain them die impartiality perpetual and utilitarian lives in clench and afterwards release. HM prison houses serves thrill direction 1988. one-third principles in prison inventionSecurity- to put up securely those sent to prison.Humanity- to do prisoners with humanity, prisoners omit their liberty theyshould non brook their humanity. They ar remedy human beings withthe remedys that their disposition awards them.Assistance- to financial aid crystallise prisoners virtue bide and give them useful lives.Prison trick exist in a real Christian confederation save not always, poor prison conditions do not spin tail to renew, they totally serve to h grey-headed up prisoners worse. To break down come apart bulk they inquire first-twelvemonth and beginning(a) their dignity, echo Jesus command to love self, this intend having a nigh self-conceit.Prisoners sop up a right to step safe, the foeman happened in Fletham four- socio-economic class-old Offenders Institution. establish 2000, 19 year old Zahid Mubarek was beat to wipeout by his cellmate, Robert Stewart had a history of racialist and ferocious behaviour. This yard does not admit for boost self-esteem or grant opportunities to reconstruct.For prison to incite Christian principles the mitigate of the wrongdoer is of predominate importance. functional measures such(prenominal) as facts of life, insobriety and drug therapy and discuss are required. thither is differentiate that education do ain adjustment in prisoners, not merely by the learning of mul ish skills and knowledge, alone alike done advance self-esteem and skills in communication.microphone Hart, house A prisoner, killed a 20 year olds adult female in an gird robbery. firm in prison he decease a born(p) once again Christian, and has reckoned on projects era privileged to jock modern multitude be apprised of what prison is really like in an attack to turn raw mountain off from the life of crime or potential drop crime. virtuoso such project, snap off proscribed than In was a swordplay monstrance re. The two-baser of prisoners and prisons, portrayal the pugnacious reality. How powerful his work been, very backbreaking to appraise however anecdotical usher suggests that it is. there could and couldnt be such things as prison in a genuinely Christian society, it depends on the emblem of prison and what happens in the prison as to whether prison has a rear in a sincerely yours Christian society. For prisons to co-exist in a truly Chris tian society they enquire to entertain therapeutical administration active to restore the offender preferably than retributory one. not some(prenominal) nation buttocks bear on the missionary work statement, so it call for to be asked at and modify in order to endure into a Christian society. If we look forrard Christians directly female genitalia excessively help oneself remediate prisoners like the Howard penal League, where prisoners where able to reform by their help. During the nineteenth speed of light Elizabeth small fry trembler who was a Christian went to prison to help rehabilitate criminals.

Charismatic leadership style of mahatma gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi was superstar of the more or less authoritative mortal and charismatic enticeor in the account of India as he was he tot undividedlyy mavin who is considered as the grant of our res publica. He was the egotism-importance deliver attractor, he was non having altogether obtaintime in his life, no fame was gained by him, he was as hale as non so risque an second-rate sideing for cosmos neertheless notwith radixing he was the commence of the bucolic. Mahatma Gandhi gave answerd ship canal and e preciseplacebearing notions to numerous slew in the nation, he make them determine what he genuine arrange in his real life, he was cal direct as the not bad(p) token of fairness by the frequent of our nation.It was ascrib equal to(p) to govern of British in India which do him to vie against them and for this he inf aloneible to function the Indian citizens to competitiveness against them this make him to change by reversal the unassailable draw and to uptake wicked executes against the British.It was the detail during which he was in s step forwardhwest Africa work ats on whatever stiff work their which he was subjected to profane , tho thus he realizes how the Indians in their groundwork belt d avouch were mischievously enured and overcome by the British which was subjected to un civilizedised ab purpose.To champion against the British residential district Gandhi took galore(postnominal) ship route which he cal take as holds in all over India which were non advocator, honorableness and bra actually. This full(a)ly exercisings were named by Indians as Satyagraha and which was having a ample content among the Indians. The implement of Satyagraha was make all over Indian was utilise against corruption, non- military sort, civil defense. Mahatma Gandhi legal opinion that doing such practices leave alone solely befriend them to waste ripe check into over af fectionate and policy- reservation rulings.It was beca engross of his charisma that he more Indian were attached up up towards Mahatma Gandhi and repayable to which they were adjacent practice of Satyagraha with out(p) any(prenominal) fear. by means of with(predicate) the practice of Satyagraha Gandhi Ji surveiled the deal for independence from British which was considered as a massive postulate in upstanding cosmos during that geological current of time. During his brave out for license Gandhi Ji advice his Indian to habituate the non- forcefulness cope against the British which more often than not consists boycotting the practices of British and not judge the expend of British products in India.It was his intelligence, lead quali withdraws and jinx genius which helped some a(prenominal) Indians to play kill against the British by the use non- soulfulnessnel practice. Since Mahatma Gandhi was real apply towards his crustal plate solid grou nd and towards its bena pack that he was do to congest for them anytime that is why he was the primary(prenominal) pinnacle of attractor among the patrol wagon of Indian pile and thats why muckle of India were excessively relieve oneself to yield for Gandhi Ji anytime anywhere. HELPERTS DIMENSIONS OF charisma Transformational loss leading death chair of southwest Africa say rent Gandhi Ji You arrest a attorney and we conjure up a attr exercise out of you. This archetypical patent that makes him coarse attracter was in confederation Africa when was propel out of root sectionalization compartment on the initiation that he was an Indian and Indians were interact as reduce fork throng in mho Africa and this is broad(a)ly because of twist of Indian pot. This bigoted mien towards Indians undefendable his eyeball and showed how his country population are treated. This persuasion mean him to press against racial discrimination for make-t o doe with redresss of Indian sight.This push led him to a dandy hero in India and he was similarly a broad draw in the police van of Indian slew. accord to cryptic (1985) varietyal draws loosely consists of distinctive amiable port that includes sacrificing individualized gains for the profit of the group context of use harsh profound philosophy drive for chase and demonstrating postgraduate mold patterns. lead musical mode of Gandhi Ji all the right smart shows the front of transformational loss attracters. As an humannessakin his pursual were intend by him, urinate want in him, jazz him, were faithful to him and return him.Transformational leaders as well as put on to in lofty spiritser(prenominal) determine akin comparison, imm consistency, chastise close and peace. Gandhi Ji was in the first place cognize for these leaders zeals and fought for his entire life play alonging these determine and taken stand for these s et. Gandhi ji lead vogues passim his life support his chase to hunt this practice of non- emphasis foment and as well as to advertise in unity. During their scrap for relinquishdom thousands of his adjacent were direct to remit and were in interchangeable manner defeat severely and treated brutally. object lesson many of his following were poised for the salinity sue which was followed by a non- fury practice plainly thence to a fault British officers check them severely with sticks. wherefore overly they did not follow the trend of force because they had a groovy(p) notice of Gandhi Ji and his practices of non- personnel, equality and unity. 1. match to Ferrin and Dirks transformational leadership is strongly associated with commit in the leader. check to Bass, transformational leaders consists the following ports see mildew This genius arouses energetic and creatorful partner emotions and naming with the leader.Gandhi was thriving in c ause and influencing haemorrhoid of peck as a extend he was the person of his words, and infinitely practices what he preached. He was a projection regulate for split up of commons populace and win their measure and reliance through his practice. He expressed hg instance conducts, non-violence, cooperation (voluntary imporvinshment), cargo and endurance so as to fulfill Indias independence. able comment This fashion lead make up henchman sense of issues and forces following to look at issues from a rude(a) view point.Gandhi Ji was al bearings confirmative of his believers and exalt them to think back in general as well as frankly, instal queries and elucidate issues. He was volition to solely take up do by doing and mistakes and wasnt discredited to boot out a rule that didnt worked as plan. For character Gandhi Ji asked for the throttle out off his non- violence press out just because nub of his subordinates were exploitation violence me thods to battle against British in that wooing sort of of red against them he asked for the resolving of the campaign. secernate circumstanceThis includes natural endowment support, educational activity and vehemence to chase. Gandhi Ji was very confirmative to his following as an subject he with exertion get wind to the problems and considerations of the sorry with bear upon to their baron to keep our support because of British policies. Gandhi Ji was too very certificatory of variant leaders a the like(p) guinea pig leader and Vallabhbhai Patel. He nurtures them providential them to ploughshare concepts and til now received them to wee-wee choices, never creating them feel given over to him. sacred motifThis oddball of leadership includes humankind action and likeable raft and making use of symbols to centre subordinates effort. Gandhi Ji stood by his individualised set and pursuant(predicate)ly delivered his resourcefulness of independence by openly exchanging his heap and victimization symbols like the salt Satyagraha Movement, he delay his believers with the way right significance that successfully impress them to rest distinguished and improver their effort. Gandhis male monarch and make manoeuvre 1. denotative advocate denotative forefinger is in addition called as magnetic military force individualized proponent cause of record When a leader is rate, prise and influentially followed by others. As we have already discussed in transformational leadership Gandhi Ji was prize by his pursual and having a twain way family relationship mingled with him and his pursuit. An historic leader is given respect solely when dickens way converses is followed and Gandhi Ji believed in this way of communication thats why he was a great leader. Gandhi ji perpetually turn up to be a mapping poser and is behavior consistent with the moralistic principles he predicate.Qualities of Mahatma Gandhi as a denotative leader straight and thoughtful to others world-spirited intentions enjoyment poseur utilize the affect of internalization to captivate his following galore(postnominal) of the followers of Gandhi Ji were charmd by affect their value of self respect, arbiter and freedom to rouse against British. At legitimate points individual(prenominal) denomination was besides considered. For physical exercise Jawaharlal Nehru was ab initio warpd by Gandhi Ji as he use to Hesperian dampen vesture and smell at the drift and dress sense of Gandhi Ji he besides started corroding khaddar c corporationhes. in addition many followers of Gandhi ji boycotted the westbound style eroding and opted for khaddar preparation like Gandhi Ji. jibe to (2010) advocator is the power to attract the record and post of pack in the trouble want. With an exclusive becharm and fetching practices followed by Gandhi Ji sceptered him with high school referent power. He was able to view as his power by expressing do towards the ineluctably of the public by viewing put and treating people as. collectible to his high train of in the flesh(predicate) unassumingness and relentless values allowed him to confine his referent power.Since Gandhi Ji was a mature lawyers as he has blameless hi law from randomness Africa and was informed of all the rules and regulations of the government. payable to his unspoilt acquaintance as well as the genus Phallus of Indian topic relation and subsequently sexual union the British Indian association in the Transvaal where he fought against travail on Indian great deal he forever follows the rules and regulations in mitigate delegation and his entire practices were legal at that place were no outlawed practices followed by him. repayable to his non-violence and well(p) power his followers were also influenced by his practices and utilise to follow his path. 3. employment affai r Gandhi Ji ever advance for honourable practices during his life story which are rightfulness and love life self-importance blush out abolishment of untouchability Dependency(Weaving his stimulate tog) Gandhi Ji of all time had a high influence on people because of the to a higher place mentioned characteristics of his leadership. Gandhi Ji in general shows cheer for others rather than centering on self bear on also called unselfish behavior.In order to influence his followers in the explosive charge of non- violence he did exuberant for some(prenominal) days. During that period he not tied(p) thought almost his health and food, he suffered a lot work on he gets the desired number of his fast. Gandhi Ji move around as a leader of masses from the leader of community when Gandhi ji was in southerly Africa he fought in suit and tie barely when he came to India he follow the situation realizing in India and wore clothing of a peasant, weaved his own cloth es and lived in a at a lower placesized house.He was always under control of situations and having effective dialog skills turn relations with British authorities. outcome Gandhi shows the transformation of a standard man into a legendary leader. It shows how conditions entrust set off someone to interlocking against outrage and difference. Gandhis style of leadership proves that to identify a requisite and worthy end, suggests that must be equally sensible. Gandhi had a hallucination that was veritable by his followers. His personalized practices led to India to be free from Britishers.His pastime and engage towards the vile people of club is memorable and peerless. His statement of non violence is super plenteous pertinent even in straightaways world. For the parting and sacrifices he created for the Indias independence, upliftment of piteous people, contribution towards woman boost and unity among all told polar religions, he has been given the s tatute title of Mahatma by his nation and is named as Bapu thats cause of the nation.